Same Care, Lower Cost Act

Section 1834 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

For items and services furnished in a specified ambulatory setting during 2027 or a subsequent year and included in an ambulatory payment classifications identified pursuant to paragraph (2) for such year, payment under this part shall be made at the applicable site neutral payment rate under this part (as determined by the Secretary) if the requirements for such payment are otherwise met.

For 2027 and subsequent years:

The Secretary shall identify not fewer than 66 ambulatory payment classifications for site neutral payments which are appropriately furnished in either a hospital outpatient department, ambulatory surgical center, or other setting determined appropriate by the Secretary.

The Secretary may add additional ambulatory payment classifications to those identified under clause (i) as the Secretary determines clinically appropriate

The Secretary shall reclassify the ambulatory payment classifications for emergency department visits, critical care visits, and trauma care visits at a hospital outpatient department as Comprehensive APCs, in which all the items and services on the same claim are packaged into a single payment unit. Any item or service that is provided with such a visit so reclassified shall not be treated as an item or service identified under subparagraph (A), and shall not be subject to the provisions of paragraph (1). The Secretary may, pursuant to rulemaking, specify exceptions to any reclassification under the first sentence of this subparagraph.

In carrying out this subsection (including the identification of services under paragraph (2)), the Secretary shall take into consideration the recommendations of the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission in Chapter 8 (entitled Aligning fee-for-service payment rates across ambulatory settings) of its Medicare and the Health Care Delivery System report submitted to Congress in June 2023.

In this subsection, the term specified ambulatory setting means a hospital outpatient department, ambulatory surgical center, or other setting determined appropriate by the Secretary.

Section 1833(i)(2)(D)(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395l(i)(2)(D)(i)) is amended by striking for payment and inserting for, subject to section 1834(aa), payment.

Section 1833(t) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395l(t)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking the amount of payment and inserting subject to section 1834(aa), the amount of payment; and

(B) in paragraph (9)(B), by adding at the end the following: In determining adjustments under this subparagraph for 2027 or a subsequent year, the Secretary shall not take into account under this subparagraph or paragraph (2)(E) any changes in expenditures as a result of the application of section 1834(aa).

Section 1848(a)(1)(B) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–4(a)(1)(B)) is amended by inserting and section 1834(aa) after succeeding provisions of this subsection.