Judicial Relief Clarification Act of 2025

Chapter 155 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

No court of the United States (and no district court of the Virgin Islands, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands) shall issue any order, including an injunction, vacatur, stay, temporary restraining order, declaratory relief, or equitable relief, that purports to restrain the enforcement against a non-party or compel action in favor of a non-party with respect to any statute, regulation, order, executive action, or similar authority, unless the court determines the non-party is represented by a party acting in a representative capacity pursuant to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

The table of sections for chapter 155 of title 28, United States Code is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 2285 the following:

(4) Temporary restraining orders issued pursuant to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or any other authority that purports to restrain the enforcement of, or compel action with respect to, any statute, regulation, order, executive action, or similar authority, by the United States or one of the several States within the meaning of section 1332, an agency thereof, or an officer or employee thereof acting in an official capacity.

(1) in section 705, in the second sentence, by inserting limited to a person, as defined in section 551, before the court after process; and

(2) in section 706—

(A) in the second sentence of the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting, limited to a person, as defined in section 551, before the court after shall; and

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking and set aside.