FAIR MAP Act

The congressional districts of a State shall meet each of the following requirements:

(1) Each congressional district in the State shall consist of contiguous territory (except to the extent necessary to include any area which is surrounded by a body of water).

(2) Each congressional district in the State shall be as compact in form as practicable.

(3) No congressional district in the State shall be drawn to discourage competition, or for the purpose of favoring or disfavoring an incumbent, a particular candidate, or a particular political party. In establishing congressional districts, the State shall consider the maintenance of cores of existing districts, of pre-existing political subdivisions, including counties, cities, and towns, and of communities of interest.

(4) To the extent practicable, the population of each congressional district in the State shall not vary from the population of any other congressional district in the State (as determined on the basis of the total count of citizens of the United States and aliens with lawful status under the immigration laws (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101)) of the most recent decennial census conducted by the Bureau of the Census).

Subsection (a) shall apply with respect to congressional districts established on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Section 141 of title 13, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:

(g) In conducting the 2030 decennial census and each decennial census thereafter, the Secretary shall include in any questionnaire distributed or otherwise used for the purpose of determining the total population by States a checkbox or other similar option for the respondent to indicate, for the respondent and for each of the members of the household of the respondent, whether that individual is a citizen of the United States or an alien with lawful status under the immigration laws (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101)).

Section 22(a) of the Act entitled An Act to provide for the fifteenth and subsequent decennial censuses and to provide for apportionment of Representatives in Congress, approved June 18, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a(a)), is amended by inserting after not taxed the following: and aliens without lawful status under the immigration laws (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101)).

The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to the apportionment of Representatives carried out pursuant to the decennial census conducted during 2030 and any succeeding decennial census.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any challenge to the congressional districts established by a State shall be brought in a district court of the United States.

Subsection (a) shall apply with respect to congressional districts established on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended—

(1) by redesignating sections 305 and 306 as sections 306 and 307, respectively; and

(2) by inserting after section 304 the following new section:

A State may not carry out an election for Federal office in the State using a system of ranked choice voting under which each voter shall rank the candidates for the office in the order of the voter’s preference.

Section 401 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21111) is amended by striking 303, and 304 and inserting 303, 304, and 305.

The table of contents of such Act is amended—

(1) by redesignating the items relating to sections 305 and 306 as relating to sections 306 and 307, respectively; and

(2) by inserting after the item relating to section 304 the following new item:

The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no State or local election official may provide a ballot for an election for Federal office to an individual voting in person unless the individual presents to the official a valid photo identification card issued by a Federal, State, or Tribal government that identifies the individual.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no State or local election official may accept a ballot for an election for Federal office provided by an individual voting other than in person unless—

(A) the individual submits with the ballot a card or envelope signed by the individual; and

(B) such signature matches the signature associated with the individual in the computerized statewide voter registration list described in section 303(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(a)).

This subsection shall apply with respect to elections for Federal office held after the election for Federal office held on November 3, 2026.