Peace Through Strength Against Russia Act of 2025

This Act may be cited as the Peace Through Strength Against Russia Act of 2025.

The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

In this title:

The terms account, correspondent account, and payable-through account have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31, United States Code.

The term adequate maritime insurance —

(A) means verified documentation evidencing protection and indemnity insurance with audited financial statements of the insurer; and

(B) does not include insurance provided by an insurer organized under the laws of the Russian Federation or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The terms admission, admitted, alien, and lawfully admitted for permanent residence have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).

The term Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes—

(A) the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation;

(B) the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation;

(C) the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation;

(D) the Navy of the Russian Federation;

(E) the Special Operations Command of the Russian Federation;

(F) the Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation;

(G) the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;

(H) the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (formerly known as the Main Intelligence Directorate of the Russian Federation);

(I) the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation;

(J) the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation;

(K) cyber actors of the Government of the Russian Federation; and

(L) any successor entities or proxies of the entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (K).

The term blocked property means any property blocked pursuant to the authority of the President under section 203 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702).

The term critical infrastructure, with respect to Ukraine, means systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to Ukraine that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have catastrophic regional or national effects on public health or safety, economic security, or national security.

The term critical infrastructure includes assets in the following sectors:

(i) Biotechnology.

(ii) Chemical.

(iii) Commercial facilities.

(iv) Communications.

(v) Critical manufacturing.

(vi) Dams.

(vii) Defense industrial base.

(viii) Emergency services.

(ix) Energy.

(x) Financial services.

(xi) Food and agriculture.

(xii) Government facilities.

(xiii) Healthcare and public health.

(xiv) Information technology.

(xv) Materials and waste.

(xvi) Nuclear reactors.

(xvii) Space.

(xviii) Transportation systems.

(xix) Water and wastewater systems.

The term foreign person means an individual or entity that is not a United States person.

The terms knowing, knowingly, and knows, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person had actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result.

The term military invasion includes—

(A) a ground operation or assault;

(B) an amphibious landing or assault;

(C) an airborne operation or air assault;

(D) an aerial bombardment or blockade;

(E) missile attacks, including rockets, ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and hypersonic missiles;

(F) a naval bombardment or armed blockade;

(G) a destructive or destabilizing cyber attack against critical infrastructure; and

(H) an attack by a country on any territory controlled or administered by any other independent, sovereign country, including offshore islands controlled or administered by that country.

The term Russian person means—

(A) a citizen or national of the Russian Federation; or

(B) an entity organized under the laws of the Russian Federation or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The term United States person means—

(A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or

(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.

Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall—

(1) review any persons and vessels that may be described in subsection (b); and

(2) after conducting that review—

(A) impose the sanctions described in subsection (e) with respect to any persons the President determines are described in subsection (b); and

(B) identify as blocked property any vessels the President determines are described in subsection (b).

The persons and vessels described in this subsection are the following:

(1) The following officials of the Government of the Russian Federation:

(A) The President of the Russian Federation.

(B) The Prime Minister of the Russian Federation.

(C) The Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

(D) The Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

(E) The Deputy Ministers of Defense of the Russian Federation.

(F) The Commander-in-Chief of the Land Forces of the Russian Federation.

(G) The Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation.

(H) The Commander of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation.

(I) The Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Russian Federation.

(J) The Commander of the Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation.

(K) The Commander of the Special Operations Forces of the Russian Federation.

(L) The Commander of Logistical Support of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

(M) The commanders of the Russian Federation military districts.

(N) The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.

(O) The Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation.

(P) The Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation.

(Q) The Minister of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation.

(R) The Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation.

(S) The Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.

(T) The Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation.

(U) The Director of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

(V) The Director of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

(W) The Director of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.

(X) The Federal Guard Service of the Russian Federation.

(Y) Any other senior official of the Russian Federation, as determined by the President.

(2) Any foreign person that the President determines, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act—

(A) knowingly sells, leases, or provides, or facilitates selling, leasing, or providing, goods or services relating to the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation, including—

(i) computer numerical control (CNC) tools and associated machinery, software, and maintenance or upgrade services;

(ii) lubricant additives;

(iii) nitrocellulose, wood cellulose, and associated additives and components necessary for the production of propellant or energetics for munitions;

(iv) chemical coatings;

(v) fiber optic cables with military applications and associated technologies needed to manufacture such cables;

(vi) advanced sensors;

(vii) items on the Common High Priority Items List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce; or

(viii) any additional items determined by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, to be critical to the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation;

(B) knowingly facilitates deceptive or structured transactions to provide the goods and services described in subparagraph (A);

(C) knowingly conducts a significant transaction with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;

(D) knowingly engages, directly or indirectly, in activities that—

(i) materially undermine the military readiness of Ukraine;

(ii) seek to overthrow, dismantle, or subvert the Government of Ukraine;

(iii) debilitate the critical infrastructure of Ukraine;

(iv) debilitate cybersecurity systems through malicious electronic attacks or cyberattacks on Ukraine;

(v) undermine the democratic processes of Ukraine;

(vi) undermine the peace, security, political stability, or territorial integrity of Ukraine; or

(vii) involve committing serious abuses of internationally recognized human rights against citizens of Ukraine, including forcible transfers, enforced disappearances, unjust detainment, forced deportation of children, or torture;

(E) knowingly participated or is participating in the construction, maintenance, or repair of a tunnel or bridge that connects the Russian mainland with the Crimean peninsula;

(F) knowingly endangered the integrity, safety, or undermined Ukrainian operational control of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station located in southeastern Ukraine since the Russian Federation launched an unprovoked, full-scale invasion of Ukraine;

(G) is a leader, official, senior executive officer, or member of the board of directors of, or principal shareholder with a controlling or majority interest in, an entity that is operating in the defense industrial base or energy or transportation sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation in support of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;

(H) is an oligarch in the Russian Federation who—

(i) has not demonstrated opposition to the Russian Federation’s war on Ukraine; or

(ii) continues, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, to benefit from an association with the Government of the Russian Federation;

(I) is responsible for or complicit in, or has directly or indirectly engaged in, for or on behalf of, or for the benefit of, directly or indirectly, the Government of the Russian Federation—

(i) transnational crime, corruption, bribery, extortion, or money laundering; The Yamal Liquefied Natural Gas Project or a successor project.

(ii) assassination, murder, or other unlawful killing of, or infliction of other bodily harm or other crimes against humanity against, a United States person or a citizen or national of an ally or partner of the United States; The Arctic 1, 2, and 3 Liquefied Natural Gas Projects or a successor project.

(iii) activities that undermine the peace, security, political stability, or territorial integrity of the United States or an ally or partner of the United States; or Projects in the Arctic region carried out after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(iv) deceptive or structured transactions or dealings that circumvent the application of any sanctions imposed by the United States, including through the use of digital currencies or assets or the use of physical assets; or

(J) is a leader, official, senior executive officer, or member of the board of directors of, or principal shareholder with a controlling or majority interest in, any of the following Russian energy projects:

(3) Any foreign vessel the President determines, based on credible information, is used by the Government of the Russian Federation or Russian persons to move crude oil, arms, or other goods for the purpose of circumventing sanctions imposed by the United States or other countries, including any vessel the owner, operator, or manager of which knowingly—

(A) exhibits or engages in unsafe or nonstandard maritime behavior in furtherance of the transportation of crude oil, uranium, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, coal, or coal products that originated in the Russian Federation;

(B) lacks adequate maritime insurance for the transport of goods described in subparagraph (A); or

(C) evades compliance with a price cap for crude oil and petroleum products that originated in the Russian Federation established by—

(i) the international coalition made up of Australia, Canada, the European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States and known as the Price Cap Coalition; or

(ii) the United States.

(4) Any foreign person that the President determines knowingly—

(A) owns, operates, or manages a vessel described in paragraph (3);

(B) provides underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance necessary for such a vessel;

(C) serves as a captain or senior leadership of the crew of such a vessel; or

(D) transfers to the Russian Federation, or provides for the use of by a Russian person, any vessel designed for the transportation of crude oil, uranium, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, coal, or coal products.

(5) Any foreign vessel that the President determines knowingly—

(A) transports crude oil, uranium, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, coal, or coal products that originated in the Russian Federation;

(B) engages in a ship-to-ship transfer involving crude oil, uranium, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, coal, or coal products that originated in the Russian Federation with a vessel that is subject to sanctions imposed by the United States; or

(C) provides services to a vessel described in subparagraph (A) or (B).

(6) Any foreign person that the President determines is the owner or operator of a foreign port that allows a vessel subject to sanctions imposed by the United States for supporting the Russian Federation to port or otherwise receive services.

(7) Any foreign person, including a foreign person acting on behalf of a person described in this subsection (in this paragraph referred to as the sanctioned person), if the sanctioned person transferred property or an interest in property to the person—

(A) after the date on which the President imposed sanctions with respect to the sanctioned person; or

(B) before that date, if the sanctioned person did so in an attempt to evade the imposition of sanctions.

In determining under subsection (b)(3) if a vessel is a foreign vessel used by the Government of the Russian Federation or Russian persons to move crude oil, arms, or other goods for the purpose of circumventing sanctions, the President may use as prima facie evidence that the vessel is subject to sanctions imposed by the United Kingdom, the European Union, the Group of 7, or a member of the Five Eyes intelligence alliance.

Sanctions and other measures provided for under any Executive order issued to address the national emergency that the President continued on April 10, 2025, with respect to specified harmful foreign activities of the Government of the Russian Federation (90 Fed. Reg. 15523), as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act, including with respect to all persons sanctioned under any such Executive order, shall remain in effect.

The sanctions described in this subsection to be imposed with respect to a person described in subsection (b) are the following:

The President shall exercise all of the powers granted by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to block any vessel described in subsection (b), and block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person described in subsection (b), if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.

An alien described in subsection (b) shall be—

(i) inadmissible to the United States;

(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and

(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).

The visa or other entry documentation of an alien described in subsection (b) shall be revoked, regardless of when such visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.

A revocation under clause (i) shall—

(I) take effect immediately; and

(II) automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the possession of the alien.

Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall—

(A) impose 2 or more of the sanctions described in subsection (d) with respect to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) and any subsidiary of, or successor entity to, that Bank;

(B) impose all of the sanctions described in subsection (d) with respect to—

(i) Sberbank;

(ii) VTB Bank;

(iii) Gazprombank;

(iv) any other financial institution organized under the laws of the Russian Federation and owned in whole or in part by the Government of the Russian Federation;

(v) any foreign financial institution that knowingly facilitates a significant transaction or provides significant financial services for a foreign person described in section 102(b)(2)(F)(i) or (ii);

(vi) any subsidiary of, or successor entity to, any of the financial institutions described in clauses (i) through (iv); and

(vii) except as provided by subsection (c), any foreign financial institution that engages in significant transactions with any of the financial institutions described in clauses (i) through (vi); and

(C) impose the sanctions described in section 102(e) with respect to any leaders, officials, senior executive officers, or members of the board of directors of, or any principal shareholders with a controlling or majority interest in, a financial institution described in subparagraph (A) or (B).

Not later than 210 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall—

(A) review any persons that may be described in paragraph (1); and

(B) if sanctions have not been imposed under this subsection with respect to any person the President determines is described in paragraph (1), impose such sanctions with respect to that person.

Effective on the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall prohibit any United States person from engaging in any transaction with a financial institution described in subsection (a)(1)(B).

The President is not required to impose sanctions under subsection (a)(1)(B) with respect to a foreign financial institution described in clause (vi) of that subsection if the Secretary of the Treasury determines that imposing such sanctions is not consistent with the economic or foreign policy interests of the United States.

The sanctions described in this subsection to be imposed with respect to a financial institution described in subsection (a) are the following:

The President shall exercise all of the powers granted to the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in property and interests in property of the financial institution if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.

2 or more of the sanctions described in section 235 of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9529) that are not already imposed.

The President shall prohibit the opening, and prohibit or impose strict conditions on the maintaining, in the United States, of a correspondent account or payable-through account by the financial institution.

A United States or foreign financial institution holding immobilized Russian sovereign assets under the Rebuilding Economic Prosperity and Opportunity for Ukrainians Act (division F of Public Law 118–50; 22 U.S.C. 9521 note) or any other provision of law is not required to return any interest earned on those assets and due to the Russian Federation.

Subparagraph (A) shall not be construed as affecting the treatment of interest earned on the assets of persons the assets of which have been blocked under any provision of law.

Sanctions imposed under this section shall not apply with respect to payments on—

(A) the loans provided by the United States and the Group of 7 or the European Union to Ukraine that are serviced and repaid with the proceeds of immobilized Russian sovereign assets; or

(B) any loans from the United States or countries that are members of the Group of 7 or the European Union made after the date of the enactment of this Act using proceeds from immobilized Russian sovereign assets.

Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall—

(1) review any entity—

(A) in which the Government of the Russian Federation may have a controlling or majority ownership interest; or

(B) that may otherwise be affiliated with the Government of the Russian Federation; and

(2) impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to an entity if the President determines that—

(A) the Government of the Russian Federation has a controlling or majority ownership interest in the entity; or

(B) the entity is otherwise affiliated with the Government of the Russian Federation.

The President shall exercise all of the powers granted to the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in property and interests in property of an entity described in subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.

Except as provided by subsection (b), effective on the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, a depository institution (as defined in section 19(b)(1)(A) of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 461(b)(1)(A))) or a broker or dealer in securities registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) may not process transfers of funds—

(1) to or from the Government of the Russian Federation, including any entity owned by the Government of the Russian Federation; or

(2) for the direct or indirect benefit of officials of the Government of the Russian Federation.

A depository institution, broker, or dealer described in subsection (a) may process a transfer described in that subsection if the transfer arises from, and is ordinarily incident and necessary to give effect to, an underlying transaction that is authorized by a specific or general license.

Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Securities and Exchange Commission shall prohibit the securities of an issuer described in subsection (b) from being traded on a national securities exchange.

An issuer described in this subsection is an issuer that is—

(1) an official of or individual affiliated with the Government of the Russian Federation; or

(2) an entity—

(A) in which the Government of the Russian Federation has a controlling or majority ownership interest; or

(B) that is otherwise affiliated with the Government of the Russian Federation.

In this section:

The terms issuer and security have the meanings given those terms in section 3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)).

The term national securities exchange means an exchange registered as a national securities exchange in accordance with section 6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78f).

Effective on the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the following are prohibited:

(1) New investment in the Russian Federation by a United States person, wherever located.

(2) The exportation, reexportation, sale, or supply, directly or indirectly, from the United States, or by a United States person, wherever located, of any category of services identified by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to any person located in the Russian Federation.

(3) Any approval, financing, facilitation, or guarantee by a United States person, wherever located, of a transaction by a foreign person if the transaction by that foreign person would be prohibited by this section if performed by a United States person or within the United States.

Effective on the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the following are prohibited:

(A) Any new investment in the energy sector of the Russian Federation by a United States person.

(B) The export, reexport, or in-country transfer to or in the Russian Federation of any energy or energy product produced in the United States.

In this subsection, the terms export, in-country transfer, and reexport have the meanings given those terms in section 1742 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801).

The President shall impose the sanctions described in section 102(e) with respect to any foreign person that the President determines knowingly sells, supplies, transfers, markets, or otherwise provides goods, services, technology, or other support that facilitates the maintenance or expansion of the production of oil, uranium, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, coal, or coal products for use by any person subject to sanctions under section 102 or 103.

Upon the enactment of this Act, the purchase of sovereign debt of the Government of the Russian Federation by any United States person (including a United States financial institution) is prohibited.

Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall—

(1) review any person that may be described in subsection (b); and

(2) impose sanctions pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) with respect to any person the President determines is described in that subsection.

A person described in this subsection is—

(1) any entity that—

(A) operates with the intent to predominantly engage in the business of providing global financial messaging services; and

(B) is determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, as knowingly being used to circumvent any sanctions imposed under section 103 or any other provision of this title; or

(2) a leader, official, senior executive officer, or member of the board of directors of, or principal shareholder with a controlling or majority interest in, any entity described in paragraph (1).

The President may waive the imposition of sanctions under subsection (a) with respect to an entity predominantly engaged in the business of providing global financial messaging services for, directly providing such services to, or enabling or facilitating direct or indirect access to such services for, any financial institution subject to sanctions under section 103 or any other provision of this title if the entity—

(1) is subject to a sanctions regime under its governing foreign law that requires it to eliminate the knowing provision of such services to, and the knowing enabling and facilitation of direct or indirect access to such services for, foreign financial institutions identified under such governing foreign law for purposes of that sanctions regime if the President determines that the sanctions regime under governing foreign law is not inconsistent with the economic or foreign policy interests of the United States;

(2) has, pursuant to that sanctions regime, terminated the knowing provision of such services to, and the knowing enabling and facilitation of direct or indirect access to such services for, foreign financial institutions identified under such governing foreign law for purposes of that sanctions regime; and

(3) provides significant financial messaging services to United States financial institutions, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the authority of the President pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).

Upon the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall take all necessary steps to implement the requirements of section 3112A(d) of the USEC Privatization Act (42 U.S.C. 2297h–10a(d)) regarding the importation of uranium from the Russian Federation, including the importation of any uranium from Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation or any subsidiary or successor entity.

Beginning on the date described in section 3112A(d)(2)(C) of the USEC Privatization Act (42 U.S.C. 2297h–10a(d)(2)(C)), and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall impose sanctions described in section 102(e) with respect to any leaders, officials, senior executive officers, or members of the board of directors of, or principal shareholders with a controlling or majority interest in, Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation or any subsidiary or successor entity.

The Ending Importation of Russian Oil Act (Public Law 117–109; 136 Stat. 1154) is amended—

(1) by redesignating section 3 as section 4; and

(2) by inserting after section 2 the following:

All products classified under chapter 27 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule that were produced at any refinery that uses crude oil originating in the Russian Federation shall be banned from importation into the United States.

Section 4 of the Ending Importation of Russian Oil Act (Public Law 117–109; 136 Stat. 1154), as redesignated by subsection (a)(1), is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by inserting or 3 after section 2; and

(2) in subsection (c)(1), by inserting or 3 after section 2.

Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall impose the sanctions described in section 102(e) of this Act with respect to the following:

(1) Any foreign person that is responsible for or facilitates the transfer or sale of arms or material support from North Korea to be used in Russia’s illegal war in Ukraine.

(2) Any foreign person that knowingly, directly or indirectly, imports, exports, or reexports to, into, or from North Korea any goods services or technology for weapons that may be used by Russian forces or their proxies in Russia’s illegal war in Ukraine.

(3) Any foreign financial institution that knowingly facilitates a significant transaction or provides significant financial services for a foreign person described in paragraph (1) or (2).

(4) Any foreign person that engages in a significant transaction related to the transfer or sale of arms or material support with a foreign person described in paragraph (1) or (2) or foreign financial institution described in paragraph (3).

(5) Any foreign person assisting in the logistical supply and movement of North Korean personnel, arms or material support to be used in Russia’s illegal war in Ukraine.

Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes significant activities by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to support the Russian Federation and its proxies in Russia’s illegal war in Ukraine.

The report required by this section shall include the following:

(1) The number of North Korean troops that have been sent to fight Ukraine, casualties inflicted on these troops, and the impact on the battlefield of having North Korean military personnel on the frontlines.

(2) The identity and nationality of foreign persons and foreign financial institutions that are subject to sanctions pursuant to this section.

(3) A description of the conduct engaged in by such persons and institutions.

(4) An assessment of the extent to which a foreign government has provided material support to the Government of North Korea or any person acting for or on behalf of that government to conduct significant activities to materially support Russia’s illegal war in Ukraine.

(5) A United States strategy to counter North Korea’s efforts to conduct significant activities to support Russia’s war in Ukraine, that includes efforts to engage foreign governments to halt the capability of the Government of North Korea and persons acting for or on behalf of that government to conduct significant activities supporting Russia’s illegal war in Ukraine.

The report required by this section shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall impose the sanctions described in Section 102(e) of this Act with respect to all foreign persons that have directed or in any way participated in the kidnapping and wrongful patriation of Ukrainian children.

Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall, notwithstanding any other provision of law, increase the rate of duty for all goods, including oil, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, coal, and coal products, imported into the United States from the Russian Federation to a rate of up to 500 percent ad valorem.

The rate of duty required under subsection (a) with respect to a good described in that subsection shall be in addition to any antidumping or countervailing duty applicable with respect to the good under title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.).

Sanctions and other measures under this title shall not apply to—

(A) the conduct or facilitation of a transaction for the provision of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, medical devices, humanitarian assistance, or for humanitarian purposes; or

(B) transactions that are necessary for, or related to, the activities described in subparagraph (A).

This subsection should be interpreted to apply to an entity carrying out any internationally recognized agreement with the Government of Ukraine for the sale or provision of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices to and from Ukraine unless the President determines that the agreement is being used to evade sanctions imposed by the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, or the Group of 7.

In this subsection:

The term agricultural commodity has the meaning given such term in section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602).

The term medical device has the meaning given the term device in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).

The term medicine has the meaning given the term drug in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).

This title shall not apply with respect to activities subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or to carry out or assist any authorized intelligence or law enforcement activities of the United States.

Sanctions under this title shall not apply to the admission or parole of an alien into the United States if such admission or parole is necessary to comply with United States obligations under the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, or under the Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967, or other international obligations.

This title shall not apply to activities carried out under an agreement for cooperation between the United States and the Russian Federation entered into under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153).

This title shall not apply with respect to imports into the United States of low-enriched uranium described in paragraph (1) of section 3112A(d) of the USEC Privatization Act (42 U.S.C. 2297h–10a(d)) or medical isotopes for which a waiver has been issued under paragraph (2) of that section.

This title shall not apply to transactions for the conduct of the official business of the United States Government (including transactions necessary for the operation of the United States embassy or United States consulates in the Russian Federation) or the United Nations (including its specialized agencies, programs, funds, and related organizations) by employees, grantees, or contractors thereof.

This title shall not apply to oil originating in a country other than the Russian Federation that transits the territory of the Russian Federation, or to any entity that transports such oil, for export to international markets.

This title shall not apply with respect to a United States person that is operating under the terms of a general license issued by the Department of the Treasury before the date of the enactment of this Act.

Nothing in this title shall be construed to affect the terms of a general license described in paragraph (1), the authority of United States persons to continue to operate under such a license, or the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to extend or issue new general licenses.

During the 270-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, sanctions under this title shall not apply with respect to—

(1) an activity related to the wind down or divestiture of operations in the Russian Federation by an entity located in the Russian Federation that is not owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by a Russian person; or

(2) an entity located in the Russian Federation that is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by a United States person if that United States person is engaged in good faith efforts to wind down or divest operations in the Russian Federation, including providing ongoing operational support to wind down or divest operations.

Sanctions under this title shall not apply with respect to a person providing provisions to a vessel otherwise subject to sanctions under this title if such provisions are intended—

(1) for the safety and care of the crew aboard the vessel;

(2) for the protection of human life aboard the vessel; or

(3) to avoid any environmental or other significant damage.

This title shall not apply with respect to activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Nothing in this title shall be construed to authorize the imposition of any sanction or other condition, limitation, restriction, prohibition, or other measure, that directly or indirectly impedes the supply by any entity of the Russian Federation of any product or service, or the procurement of such product or service by any contractor or subcontractor of the United States or any other entity, relating to or in connection with any space launch conducted for—

(A) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; or

(B) any other non-Department of Defense customer.

This title shall not apply to any foreign person seeking to reestablish Ukrainian operational control of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station or the surrounding region.

The President may, subject to subsection (b), waive the application of any provision of this title to a foreign person or nation for such time as the President determines appropriate for up to renewable periods of 2 years.

Before issuing a waiver under subsection (a), the President shall submit to Congress—

(A) a certification in writing that the issuance of the waiver is in the national security interests of the United States; and

(B) a report explaining the basis for the certification.

If the President is issuing more than one waiver of a section of this title, the President may include, in one report submitted under paragraph (1), the certifications and explanations required by that paragraph with respect to each such waiver, as long as all of such certifications and explanations relate to a waiver of the same section of this title.

Each report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.

Pursuant to the authority provided under section 115, the President is not required to issue a waiver or submit a report to Congress under this section if the President is adjusting the rate of duty under those sections to a rate that is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 500 percent ad valorem.

The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out sections 102 through 114.

The penalties provided for in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to any person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any prohibition under any of sections 102 through 114, or an order or regulation prescribed under any of such sections, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.

Subject to subsection (b), the President may terminate the application of any provision of this title if the President submits to Congress a report—

(1) certifying in writing that—

(A) in the case of application of the provision to a Russian person or the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation has—

(i) signed a peace agreement that is accepted by the free and independent Government of Ukraine; and

(ii) ceased all military hostilities against and any activities to overthrow, dismantle, and subvert the Government of Ukraine; or

(B) in the case of application of the provision to any foreign person or foreign country (other than a Russian person or the Russian Federation)—

(i) the foreign person or the government of the foreign country, as the case may be, is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or other measures being terminated; and

(ii) the President has received reliable assurances that the foreign person or the government of the foreign country, as the case may be, will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions or other measures under this title in the future; and

(2) that includes, in the case of a report not relating to the termination of any provision of section 115, a determination of whether the termination is intended to significantly alter United States foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation.

During the period of 30 calendar days beginning on the date on which the President submits a report under subsection (a) with respect to the termination of the application of a provision of this title, the termination shall not take effect. If, after the end of that period, a joint resolution of disapproval with respect to the termination has not been enacted into law under subsection (c), the termination may take effect.

During the period described in paragraph (1), the appropriate committee of the Senate and the appropriate committee of the House of Representatives should, as appropriate, hold hearings and briefings and otherwise obtain information in order to fully review the report.

The period for congressional review under paragraph (1) of a report required to be submitted under subsection (a) shall be 60 calendar days if the report is submitted on or after July 10 and on or before September 7 in any calendar year.

In this subsection, the term joint resolution of disapproval means only a joint resolution of either House of Congress the sole matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: That Congress disapproves of the termination of the application of section __ of the Peace Through Strength Against Russia Act of 2025, with respect to which the President submitted a report on ___., with the first blank space being filled with the appropriate section number and the second blank space being filled with the appropriate date.

During the period of 30 calendar days provided for under subsection (b)(1), including any additional period as applicable under the exception provided in subsection (b)(3), a joint resolution of disapproval may be introduced—

(A) in the House of Representatives, by the majority leader or the minority leader; and

(B) in the Senate, by the majority leader (or a designee of the majority leader) or the minority leader (or a designee of the minority leader).

Any committee of the House of Representatives to which a joint resolution of disapproval is referred shall report it to the House of Representatives without amendment not later than 10 calendar days after the date of referral. If a committee fails to report the joint resolution within that period, the committee shall be discharged from further consideration of the joint resolution and the joint resolution shall be referred to the appropriate calendar.

After each committee authorized to consider a joint resolution of disapproval reports it to the House of Representatives or has been discharged from its consideration, it shall be in order to move to proceed to consider the joint resolution of disapproval in the House of Representatives. All points of order against the motion are waived. The previous question shall be considered as ordered on the motion to its adoption without intervening motion. The motion shall not be debatable. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is disposed of shall not be in order.

The joint resolution of disapproval shall be considered as read. All points of order against the joint resolution of disapproval and against its consideration are waived. The previous question shall be considered as ordered on the joint resolution of disapproval to its passage without intervening motion except 2 hours of debate equally divided and controlled by the proponent and an opponent. A motion to reconsider the vote on passage of the joint resolution of disapproval shall not be in order.

A joint resolution of disapproval introduced in the Senate shall be referred to the appropriate committee of the Senate.

If the appropriate committee of the Senate has not reported the joint resolution within 10 calendar days after the date of referral of the joint resolution, that committee shall be discharged from further consideration of the joint resolution and the joint resolution shall be placed on the appropriate calendar.

Notwithstanding Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it is in order at any time after the appropriate committee of the Senate reports a joint resolution of disapproval to the Senate or has been discharged from consideration of such a joint resolution to move to proceed to the consideration of the joint resolution, and all points of order against the joint resolution (and against consideration of the joint resolution) are waived. The motion to proceed is not debatable. The motion is not subject to a motion to postpone. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. Approval by the Senate of a motion to proceed to a joint resolution of disapproval shall require the affirmative vote of three-fifths of Members of the Senate, duly chosen and sworn.

Consideration in the Senate of a joint resolution of disapproval and of all debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith shall not exceed a total of 10 hours, which shall be divided equally between the majority and minority leaders or their designees. Any debatable motion or appeal is debatable for not to exceed 1 hour, to be divided equally between those favoring and those opposing the motion or appeal.

An amendment to a joint resolution of disapproval, a motion to postpone, a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business, or a motion to recommit the joint resolution is not in order.

If the Senate has voted to proceed to a joint resolution of disapproval, the vote on approval of the joint resolution shall occur immediately following the conclusion of consideration of the joint resolution, and a single quorum call if requested. Approval by the Senate of a joint resolution of disapproval shall require the affirmative vote of three-fifths of Members of the Senate, duly chosen and sworn.

Consideration in the Senate of any veto message with respect to a joint resolution of disapproval, including all debatable motions and appeals in connection with the joint resolution, shall be limited to 10 hours, to be equally divided between, and controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader or their designees.

(A) If, before the passage by the Senate of a joint resolution of disapproval, the Senate receives an identical joint resolution from the House of Representatives, the following procedures shall apply:

(i) Joint resolution shall not be referred to a committee.

(ii) With respect to that joint resolution—

(I) the procedure in the Senate shall be the same as if no joint resolution had been received from the House of Representatives; but

(II) the vote on passage shall be on the joint resolution from the House of Representatives.

(B) If the Senate passes a joint resolution of disapproval before receiving a joint resolution of disapproval from the House of Representatives, the joint resolution passed by the Senate shall be held at the desk pending receipt of the joint resolution from the House of Representatives. Upon receipt of a joint resolution from the House of Representatives that is identical to the joint resolution passed by the Senate, the Senate shall proceed to its immediate consideration and the joint resolution shall be considered read a third time and passed and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate.

(C) If a joint resolution of disapproval is received from the House, and no companion joint resolution has been introduced in the Senate, the Senate procedures under this subsection shall apply to the House joint resolution.

This subsection is enacted by Congress—

(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate and the House of Representatives, respectively, and as such is deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, and supersedes other rules only to the extent that it is inconsistent with such rules; and

(B) with full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that House.

In this subsection:

The term appropriate committee of the Senate means—

(i) with respect to the termination of any provision of section 115, the Committee on Finance of the Senate;

(ii) with respect to the termination of any provision of sections 102 through 114 that is intended to significantly alter United States foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; or

(iii) with respect to the termination of any provision of sections 102 through 114 that is not intended to significantly alter United States foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.

The term appropriate committee of the House of Representatives means—

(i) with respect to the termination of any provision of section 115, the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives;

(ii) with respect to the termination of any provision of sections 102 through 114 that is intended to significantly alter United States foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; or

(iii) with respect to the termination of any provision of sections 102 through 114 that is not intended to significantly alter United States foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation, the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.

Section 13 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking; SUNSET;

(2) by striking (a) Effective date.—; and

(3) by striking subsection (b).

If any provision of or amendment made by this Act, or the application of any such provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of the provisions of and amendments made by this Act, and the application of those provisions and amendments to any other person or circumstance, shall not be affected.