To advance bipartisan priorities.

The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

This title may be cited as the Modernizing America with Rebuilding to Kickstart the Economy of the Twenty-first Century with a Historic Infrastructure-Centered Expansion Act or the MARKET CHOICE Act.

Congress finds that—

(1) roads, bridges, airports, and urban transportation systems are essential to the economic and national security of the United States;

(2) there is a chronic shortfall in funding for the maintenance of highways, bridges, and other critical infrastructure;

(3) strategic investments in new infrastructure will allow for economic growth and dynamism in the 21st century;

(4) there has been a marked increase in extreme weather events and the negative impacts of a changing climate are expected to worsen in every region of the United States;

(5) if left unaddressed, the consequences of a changing climate have the potential to adversely impact the health of all Americans, harm the economy, and impose substantial costs on local, State, and Federal budgets;

(6) efforts to reduce climate risk should protect our Nation’s economy, security, infrastructure, agriculture, water supply, public health, and public safety; and

(7) there is bipartisan support for pursuing efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through economically viable, broadly supported private and public policies and solutions.

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subtitle:

There is hereby imposed a tax on fossil fuels produced within, or imported into, the United States.

The tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be the applicable amount per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of all greenhouse gasses that would be released if the fossil fuel were combusted.

For purposes of paragraph (1), the term applicable amount means—

(A) for calendar year 2027, $35 per metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, and

(B) for each calendar year after 2027, the tax rate shall be the sum of—

(i) the previous calendar year’s tax rate, plus

(ii) the sum of—

(I) 5 percentage points, plus

(II) a percentage increase in the previous year’s tax rate equal to the increase in the Consumer Price Index for the previous calendar year.

For purposes of subparagraph (B), the Consumer Price Index for the previous calendar year is the average of the Consumer Price Index for all-urban consumers published by the Department of Labor as of the close of the 12-month period ending on August 31 of such calendar year. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the revision of the Consumer Price Index which is most consistent with the Consumer Price Index for calendar year 1986 shall be used.

Not later than March 30, 2028, and annually thereafter, the Secretary and the Administrator shall jointly report the emissions during the calendar year ending on the preceding December 31 from sources subject to taxation under this part. The report shall determine whether the cumulative amount of annual emissions reported for the period beginning in calendar year 2027 and through the end of the preceding calendar year were less than the emissions levels specified in the following schedule:

(i) The total emissions through calendar year 2027 are 4,700 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

(ii) The total emissions through calendar year 2028 are 9,400 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

(iii) The total emissions through calendar year 2029 are 14,000 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

(iv) The total emissions through calendar year 2030 are 18,300 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

(v) The total emissions through calendar year 2031 are 22,600 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

(vi) The total emissions through calendar year 2032 are 26,800 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

(vii) The total emissions through calendar year 2033 are 31,000 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

(viii) The total emissions through calendar year 2034 are 35,100 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

(ix) The total emissions through calendar year 2035 are 39,100 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

(x) The total emissions through calendar year 2036 are 43,100 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

(xi) The total emissions through calendar year 2037 are 47,100 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Not later than March 30, 2029, and every two years thereafter, the Secretary shall determine whether an adjustment is required in accordance with clause (ii).

If the emission level reported under subparagraph (A) for calendar year 2028, and every second calendar year thereafter through calendar year 2038, exceeds the level for such calendar year specified in clauses (i) through (xi) of subparagraph (A), then the applicable amount under paragraph (2) for the calendar year beginning on the next January 1 following the determination in clause (i) shall, after the increase under paragraph (2) for such next calendar year, be increased by an additional $4 per metric ton.

The tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be paid by the owner of the fossil fuel at the point of taxation.

(1) For fossil fuels produced within the United States, the point of taxation shall be—

(A) for coal, the mine mouth or, for washed coal, the exit from the coal preparation and processing plant,

(B) for petroleum products, the exit point from the refinery, and

(C) for natural gas, the exit from the gas processing plant or, for natural gas that is not treated at a gas processing plant, the point of sale to the person who combusts the gas or incorporates it into a product that is not intended for combustion.

(2) For any fossil fuel imported into the United States, the point of taxation shall be the point at which it first enters the United States.

Any manufacturer of a product that incorporates a fossil fuel that has been taxed under this section who can demonstrate to the Secretary that the fossil fuel has been transformed via the manufacture of the product so that the fossil fuel’s emissions will be reduced or eliminated over the product’s lifetime shall be entitled to a refund of the tax paid under this section on the proportion of the emissions reduced thereby, as determined by the Secretary.

The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, shall establish by rule the criteria and process by which product manufacturers can demonstrate that the conditions in subparagraph (A) have been satisfied.

The Secretary shall publish the regulations required by this subsection no later than one year prior to the start of the calendar year referred to in section 9901(b)(2)(A). The Secretary may not collect the tax imposed by this section for any calendar year that begins less than one year after the regulations are published.

Any person who sequesters greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuel that has passed through a point of taxation shall be entitled to a refund of the tax imposed by this section. Emissions that are used for enhanced oil recovery shall be entitled for such refund provided that these emissions meet all of the criteria applicable to other emissions that qualify for such refund.

The Secretary shall establish by rule the procedures by which to apply for such refunds and such refunds shall be paid within six months of the Secretary receiving an approvable application.

The Secretary may not refund any amounts under this paragraph until such time as the Secretary has published the regulations described in section 45Q(f)(2).

There is hereby imposed a tax on industrial process greenhouse gas emissions by certain source categories.

The Congress establishes for purposes of this section a list of source categories subject to this section as follows:

(A) Iron and steel production and metallurgical coke production.

(B) Underground coal mining.

(C) Coal preparation and processing plants.

(D) Refineries.

(E) Cement production.

(F) Petrochemical production.

(G) Lime production.

(H) Ammonia production.

(I) Aluminum production.

(J) Soda ash production.

(K) Ferroalloy production.

(L) Phosphoric acid production.

(M) Glass production.

(N) Zinc production.

(O) Lead production.

(P) Magnesium production and processing.

(Q) Nitric acid production.

(R) Adipic acid production.

(S) Semiconductor manufacture.

(T) Electrical transmission and distribution.

The Administrator shall review the list of source categories established by this subsection not less than once every five years to determine if they should continue to be listed and publish the results of that review. The Administrator may, if appropriate, add any source categories to this list by rule.

The Administrator may remove a source category from this list only if—

(A) the total emissions from the entire source category which are taxable under this section have been less than 250,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year for each of three consecutive years,

(B) the average emissions from facilities in the source category which are taxable under this section have been less than 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year for each of the years referred in subparagraph (A), and

(C) the Administrator determines that there is no reasonable possibility that the total emissions from the entire source category which are taxable under this section will exceed 250,000 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalent within any of the five years following such determination.

The Administrator may add a source category to this list only if the Administrator determines that—

(A) the total emissions from the entire source category which are taxable under this section have been greater than 250,000 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalent in any two years out of the preceding five years,

(B) the average emissions from facilities in the source category which are taxable under this section have been greater than 25,000 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalent in the years in which emissions from the entire source category have been greater than 250,000 tons per year, and

(C) there is a reasonable possibility that the total emissions from the entire source category which are taxable under this section will be greater than 250,000 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalent in any year within the next five years following such determination.

The rate of tax shall be the same as the rate given in section 9901(b)(2).

The tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be paid by the owner or operator of the point of taxation.

The point of taxation shall be any facility in a source category which emits more than 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent subject to taxation under this section in any calendar year.

There is hereby imposed a tax on non-fossil-fuel-greenhouse-gas emissions by certain manufactured products when used for their intended purposes that are manufactured within or imported into, the United States.

The Congress establishes for purposes of this section a list of products subject to this section as follows:

(A) Fuel ethanol.

(B) Industrial carbonates.

(C) Carbon dioxide urea.

(D) Soda ash.

(E) Nitrous oxide.

(F) Ozone depleting substances, but not if the United States has ratified the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and is subject to article 2J, paragraph 1 of the Amended Montreal Protocol.

(G) Biodiesel.

(H) Solid biomass fuels.

The Administrator shall review the list of products established by this subsection not less than once every five years to determine if they should continue to be listed and publish the results of that review. The Administrator may, if appropriate, add any product to this list by rule.

The Administrator may remove a product from this list only if—

(A) the total emissions from all of the product used within the United States has been less than 250,000 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalent for each of three consecutive years, and

(B) the Administrator determines that there is no reasonable possibility that the total emissions from all of the product used in the United States will exceed 250,000 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalent within any of the five years following such determination.

The Administrator may add a product to this list only if the Administrator determines that—

(A) the total emissions from all of the product used within the United States has been greater than 250,000 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalent in any two years out of the preceding five years, and

(B) there is a reasonable possibility that the total emissions from all of the product used within the United States will be greater than 250,000 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalent in any year within the next five years following such determination.

The rate of tax shall be the same as the rate given in section 9901(b)(2).

The tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be paid—

(1) for products manufactured in the United States, by the owner or operator of the point of taxation, and

(2) for products imported into the United States, by the owner of the product when it enters the United States.

The point of taxation shall be—

(1) for products manufactured in the United States, the manufacturing facility,

(2) for products imported into the United States, the point at which it first enters the United States, and

(3) for domestically produced biomass fuel by a facility that emits from combusted biomass fuel more than 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gases in a year, the facility that combusts the biomass fuel.

In consultation with the Department of Energy, the Administrator shall establish by rule (and may, from time to time, revise) the method by which taxable emissions under this part shall be calculated.

For purposes of calculating emissions taxable under—

(1) section 9901, the Administrator shall determine by rule the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent that would be emitted if each fossil fuel were combusted, and the Administrator may establish by rule such subcategories of each fuel and the means by which it is combusted as the Administrator deems appropriate,

(2) section 9902, the Administrator may determine by rule such subcategories of any industrial process category listed in subsection 9902(b) as the Administrator deems appropriate, and

(3) section 9903, for fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and solid biomass fuels the Administrator shall determine by rule the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent that would be emitted based on the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of the product (excluding emissions from fossil fuels that have passed through a point of taxation), and the Administrator may determine by rule such subcategories of manufactured products listed in subsection 9903(b) as the Administrator deems appropriate.

Where greenhouse gas emissions subject to taxation under any section of this part are combined with greenhouse gas emissions subject to taxation under any other section of this part, the Administrator shall ensure, to the greatest degree possible, that the methods required to determine the emissions taxable under any section of this part do not include any emissions taxable under any other section of this part.

The Administrator shall not require the use of any method to calculate taxable emissions whereby the difference in cost of the method compared to the next cheapest alternative method is greater than the amount of the tax that would be paid on the additional emissions determined by the more expensive method.

The Administrator shall publish the regulations required by this section no later than one year prior to the start of the calendar year referred to in section 9901(b)(2)(A). The Secretary may not collect the tax imposed by any section in this part for any calendar year that begins less than one year after the regulations applicable to each such section are published.

The Secretary shall allow any person who is required to make payment for greenhouse gas emissions under this part a credit for payments made on those emissions required under any State law in the following manner:

(1) For the year given in section 9901(b)(2), a credit equal to 100 percent of the amount paid pursuant to requirements of State law.

(2) For the first year following the year used in paragraph (1), a credit equal to 80 percent of the amount paid pursuant to requirements of State law.

(3) For the second year following the year used in paragraph (1), a credit equal to 60 percent of the amount paid pursuant to requirements of State law.

(4) For the third year following the year used in paragraph (1), a credit equal to 40 percent of the amount paid pursuant to requirements of State law.

(5) For the fourth year following the year used in paragraph (1), a credit equal to 20 percent of the amount paid pursuant to requirements of State law.

For all years following the year used in paragraph (5), no credit shall be allowed.

Any person who fails to comply with the requirements of section 9901, 9902, or 9903 shall be liable for payment to the Secretary, without demand, of a penalty in the amount equal to 3 times the applicable amount specified by those sections for the same tax year as the year in which the person failed to comply with such requirements.

Unless otherwise provided, the definitions provided herein are applicable to all provisions of this subtitle.

The term Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.

The term carbon dioxide equivalent means the number of metric tons of CO2 emissions with the same global warming potential over a 100-year period as one metric ton of another greenhouse gas.

The term coal means any of the recognized classifications and ranks of coal, including anthracite, bituminous, semibituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and peat.

The term coal preparation and processing plant means any facility (excluding underground mining operations) which prepares coal by one or more of the following processes: breaking, crushing, screening, wet or dry cleaning, and thermal drying.

The term enhanced oil recovery has the meaning defined at section 1.193–1(b)(2) of title 26, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of enactment of this section.

The term facility means any physical property, plant, building, structure, source, or stationary equipment located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties in actual physical contact or separated solely by a public roadway or other public right-of-way and under common ownership or common control, that emits or may emit any greenhouse gas.

The term fossil fuel means coal, petroleum products, or natural gas.

The term greenhouse gas means carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.

The term greenhouse gas effects means the adverse effects of greenhouse gasses on health or welfare caused by the greenhouse gas’s heat-trapping potential or its effect on ocean acidification.

The term lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions has the meaning given that term in section 211 of the Clear Air Act.

The term natural gas means any fuel consisting in whole or in part of natural gas, including components of natural gas such as methane and ethane; liquid petroleum gas; synthetic gas derived from coal, petroleum, or natural gas liquids; or any mixture of natural gas and synthetic gas.

The term petroleum products means unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous products obtained from the processing of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. The term does not include natural gas, liquefied natural gas, biofuels, methanol, and other nonpetroleum fuels.

The term publish means publication in the Federal Register.

The term refinery means any facility engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other products through distillation of petroleum or through redistillation, cracking, or reforming of unfinished petroleum derivatives.

The term owner with respect to any fossil fuel means any person who has legal title to the fossil fuel.

The term owner or operator with respect to any fossil fuel means any person who has legal title to the fossil fuel.

The term sequesters means the permanent storage of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gas such that it does not escape into the atmosphere, and is in compliance with the regulations issued pursuant to section 45Q(f)(2).

The term solid biomass means nonfossilized and biodegradable organic material originating from plants, animals, or microorganisms, including products, byproducts, residues and waste from agriculture, forestry, and related industries as well as the nonfossilized and biodegradable organic fractions of industrial and municipal wastes, but does not include gases and liquids recovered from the decomposition of nonfossilized and biodegradable organic material.

The term source category means any category or subcategory regulated under part 60 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, or part 90 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations.

The table of subtitles for the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

The amendments made by this section shall apply to emissions after the later of December 31, 2025, and the date that is one year after the date regulations are promulgated under section 9914 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

Subtitle L of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by subsection (a), is further amended by adding at the end the following new part:

The purposes of this part are—

(1) to promote a strong global effort to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and

(2) to prevent carbon leakage.

The purposes of this part are additionally—

(1) to provide a rebate to exporters in domestic eligible industrial sectors for the greenhouse gas emission costs of the owners and operators incurred under this title, but not for costs associated with other related or unrelated market dynamics,

(2) to ensure that imports from other countries, and, in particular, fast-growing developing countries, do not enjoy competitive advantages because of the carbon tax liability of domestic manufacturers, and therefore increase their emissions,

(3) to encourage foreign countries to take substantial action with respect to their greenhouse gas emissions, and

(4) to ensure that the measures described in this subpart are designed and implemented in a manner consistent with applicable international agreements to which the United States is a party.

In this part:

The term carbon leakage means any substantial increase (as determined by the Secretary) in greenhouse gas emissions by entities located in other countries caused by a cost of production increase in the United States resulting from implementation of this title.

The term border tax adjustment means the levying of a tax on imported covered goods equivalent to the amount of tax paid pursuant to part 1 of this subtitle in the manufacture of comparable domestic manufactured goods, and the rebating of the tax paid pursuant to part 1 of this subtitle that has been paid on covered goods exported from the United States.

The term border tax adjustment rate means the amount of tax that would be paid on a covered good produced in the United States in the current year.

The term Commissioner means the Commissioner of United States Customs and Border Protection.

The term covered good means a good that is—

(A) entered under a heading or subheading of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States that corresponds to the NAICS code for an eligible industrial sector, as established in the concordance between NAICS codes and the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States prepared by the United States Census Bureau, or

(B) a manufactured item for consumption.

The term eligible industrial sector means an industrial sector determined by the Secretary under section 9913.

The term industrial sector means any sector that—

(A) is in the manufacturing sector (as defined in NAICS codes 31, 32, and 33), or

(B) is part of, or an entire, sector that beneficiates or otherwise processes (including agglomeration) metal ores, including iron and copper ores, soda ash, and phosphate. The term industrial sector does not include any part of a sector that extracts fossil fuels, metal ores, soda ash, or phosphate.

The term manufactured item for consumption means any good—

(A) that includes in substantial quantities one or more goods like the goods produced by an eligible industrial sector, and

(B) for which the Secretary has determined, with the concurrence of the Commissioner, that the application of the border tax adjustment program pursuant to this part is technically and administratively feasible and appropriate to achieve the purposes of this part, taking into account the greenhouse gas intensity, and where appropriate the trade intensity, of the industrial sector that produces the good, as measured consistent with section 9913 and the ability of the producers to recover cost increases in the marketplace and other appropriate factors.

The term NAICS means the North American Industrial Classification System of 2002.

The term output means the total tonnage or other standard unit of production (as determined by the Secretary) produced by an entity in an industrial sector.

As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of the Modernizing America with Rebuilding to Kickstart the Economy of the Twenty-first Century with a Historic Infrastructure-Centered Expansion Act, the President shall notify each foreign country—

(1) requesting the foreign country to take appropriate measures to limit the greenhouse gas emissions of the foreign country, and

(2) indicating that a border tax adjustment may apply to covered goods imported into and exported from the United States.

Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Modernizing America with Rebuilding to Kickstart the Economy of the Twenty-first Century with a Historic Infrastructure-Centered Expansion Act, the Secretary shall promulgate a rule designating, based on the criteria under subsection (c)(2), industrial sectors where covered products are liable for the border tax adjustment.

The list shall include the amount of the border tax adjustment rate for each covered good in the following calendar year pursuant to section 9914.

Not later than January 31 of each calendar year after the calendar year in which the Modernizing America with Rebuilding to Kickstart the Economy of the Twenty-first Century with a Historic Infrastructure-Centered Expansion Act is enacted, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register an updated version of the list published under paragraph (1).

(I) Imported covered goods are liable under this part if they are produced in the United States in an industrial sector that is included in a 6-digit classification of the NAICS that meets the criteria in both clauses (ii) and (iii).

(II) Exported covered goods are eligible under this part if they are produced in the United States in an industrial sector that is included in a 6-digit classification of the NAICS that meets the criteria in clauses (ii) and (iii).

As determined by the Secretary, an industrial sector meets the criteria of this clause if the United States industrial sector has a greenhouse gas intensity of at least 5 percent, calculated by dividing—

(I) the number of metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gas emissions (including direct emissions from fuel combustion, process emissions, and indirect emissions from the generation of electricity used to produce the output of the sector) of the sector based on data described in subparagraph (C), multiplied by the applicable rate in section 9901(b)(2), by

(II) the value of the shipments of the sector, based on data described in subparagraph (C).

As determined by the Secretary, an industrial sector meets the criteria of this clause if the industrial sector has a trade intensity of at least 15 percent, calculated by dividing—

(I) the value of the total imports and exports of the sector, by

(II) the value of the shipments plus the value of imports of the sector, based on data described in subparagraph (C).

For purposes of this section, the Secretary shall—

(i) aggregate data for the beneficiation or other processing (including agglomeration) of metal ores, including iron and copper ores, soda ash, or phosphate with subsequent steps in the process of metal and phosphate manufacturing, regardless of the NAICS code under which the activity is classified, and

(ii) aggregate data for the manufacturing of steel with the manufacturing of steel pipe and tube made from purchased steel in a nonintegrated process.

The Secretary shall determine the value of shipments under this subsection from data from the United States Census Annual Survey of Manufacturers.

The Secretary shall use the average of data from the most recent 3 years for which the data are available.

If data described in subclause (II) are unavailable, the Secretary shall make a determination based on—

(aa) data from the most detailed industrial classification level of the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey of the Energy Information Administration, and

(bb) data from the most recent Economic Census of the United States.

If data from the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey or Economic Census are unavailable for any sector at the 6-digit classification level in the NAICS, the Secretary may use available Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey or Economic Census data pertaining to a broader industrial category classified in the NAICS.

If data relating to the beneficiation or other processing (including agglomeration) of metal ores (including iron and copper ores, soda ash, or phosphate) are not available from the specified data sources, the Secretary—

(aa) shall use the best available Federal or State government data, and

(bb) may use, to the extent necessary, representative data submitted by entities that perform the beneficiation or other processing (including agglomeration), in making a determination.

The Secretary shall base the value of imports and exports under this subsection on United States International Trade Commission data.

The Secretary shall use the average of data from the three most recent years for which the data are available.

If data from the United States International Trade Commission are unavailable for any sector at the 6-digit classification level in the NAICS, the Secretary may use United States International Trade Commission data pertaining to a broader industrial category classified in the NAICS.

The Secretary shall round the greenhouse gas intensity and trade intensity percentages under subparagraph (A) to the nearest whole number.

When calculating the metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gas emissions for each sector under subparagraph (A)(ii)(I), the Secretary—

(I) shall use the best available data from the three most recent years for which the data are available, and

(II) may, to the extent necessary with respect to a sector, use economic and engineering models and the best available information on technology performance levels for the sector.

The Secretary shall designate as liable for the border tax adjustment rate on imported products under this part an industrial sector that—

(i) met the greenhouse gas intensity criteria in paragraph (1)(A)(ii) as of the date of promulgation of the rule under paragraph (1), and

(ii) meets the trade intensity criteria established under paragraph (1)(A)(iii), using data sources described in paragraph (1)(C) from any year after the passage of this Act.

In addition to designation under subparagraph (A), the owner or operator of an entity or a group of entities that collectively produce not less than 80 percent of the average annual value of shipments from within the sector of the group consistent with subclause (I), that manufacture similar products in an industrial sector may petition the Secretary to designate as eligible industrial sectors under this part an entity or a group of entities that—

(I) represent a sector using a standard product classification, and

(II) meet the respective import and/or export eligibility criteria in paragraph (1)(A)(i).

In making a determination under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall consider—

(I) data submitted by the petitioner,

(II) data solicited by the Secretary from other entities in the sector, and

(III) data specified in paragraph (1)(C).

Except as provided in subclause (II), the Secretary shall determine an entity or group of entities to be a subsector of a 6-digit section of the NAICS code based only on the products manufactured and not the industrial process by which the products are manufactured.

The Secretary may determine an entity or group of entities that manufacture a product from primarily virgin material to be a separate subsector from another entity or group of entities that manufacture the same product primarily from recycled material.

In determining whether to designate a sector or subsector as an eligible industrial sector under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall use the most recent data available from the sources described in paragraph (1)(C), rather than the data from the years specified in paragraph (1)(C), to determine the trade intensity of the sector or subsector, but only for determining the trade intensity.

The Secretary shall take final action on a petition described in this subparagraph not later than 180 days after the date the completed petition is received by the Secretary.

If, as determined by the Secretary, an industrial sector or a covered good within the sector is no longer liable to be designated under this section, the Commissioner shall cease to apply the border tax adjustment on the relevant covered goods with effect from January 1 of the following year.

The Secretary, with the concurrence of the Commissioner, shall, no later than the date that is one year after the date of the enactment of this section, promulgate regulations—

(1) establishing the products which are liable for, and requiring payment of, the border tax adjustment rate,

(2) establishing a general methodology for calculating the level of the border tax adjustment rate that a domestic importer of any covered good must submit and the rebate that an exporter will receive,

(3) establishing an administrative process whereby any determination by the Secretary under this subsection may be appealed,

(4) exempting from this section products that originate from—

(A) any country that the United Nations has identified as among the least developed of developing countries, or

(B) any country that the President has determined to be responsible for less than 0.5 percent of total global greenhouse gas emissions and less than 5 percent of global production in the eligible industrial sector,

(5) specifying the procedures that the Commissioner will apply for the declaration and entry of covered goods with respect to the eligible industrial sector into the customs territory of the United States, and

(6) establishing procedures that prevent circumvention of the carbon tax liability for covered goods that are manufactured or processed in more than one foreign country.

The President may elect not to levy the border tax adjustment for an eligible industrial sector or for specific products within that sector if the President determines and certifies to Congress that the program would not be in the national interest, economic interest, or environmental interest of the United States.

The amendments made by this section shall apply to emissions after the later of December 31, 2025, and the date that is one year after the date regulations are promulgated under section 9914 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

There is hereby created in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the Rebuilding Infrastructure and Solutions for the Environment Trust Fund (hereafter in this Act referred to as the RISE Trust Fund), consisting of amounts paid into the Treasury pursuant to subtitle L of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by title I of this Act), and 75 percent of such amounts are hereby appropriated and transferred to the RISE Trust Fund.

Amounts in the RISE Trust Fund for a fiscal year shall be available, as provided by appropriation Acts, as follows:

(1) 70 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 to the Highway Trust Fund.

(2) 1.5 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for the weatherization program developed under part A of title IV of the Energy Conservation and Production Act (42 U.S.C. 6861 et seq.).

(3) 3 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for assistance for displaced energy workers under section 321.

(4) 2.5 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 to the Airport and Airway Trust Fund under section 9502 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(5) 0.1 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 to the Leaking Underground Storage Trust Fund under section 9508 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(6) 1.5 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 to the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund under section 401 of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (30 U.S.C. 1231).

(7) 4 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for frequent and chronic coastal flooding mitigation and adaptation infrastructure projects under section 302.

(8) 1.5 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy under section 5012 of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538).

(9) 0.7 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for the Carbon Capture Research and Development Program of the National Energy Technology Laboratory, Office of Fossil Energy, Department of Energy.

(10) 0.5 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for assistance for Carbon Storage DOE Fossil Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Program Areas, Coal Program Area (Carbon Storage).

(11) 0.5 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for assistance to the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the Office of Fossil Energy for the research and development of carbon removal technologies.

(12) 0.3 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 to the Secretary of Energy for research and development to identify and assess novel uses for carbon oxides, including the conversion of carbon dioxide for commercial and industrial products, such as chemicals, plastics, building materials, fuels, cement, products of coal use in power systems or other applications, or other products with demonstrated market value.

(13) 0.2 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 to the Secretary of Energy to provide grants to entities constructing common carrier pipeline infrastructure to transport anthropogenic carbon dioxide for the incremental cost of providing extra capacity for future carbon dioxide transport needs.

(14) 0.5 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for research and development relating to energy storage by battery through the Office of Electricity, Department of Energy.

(15) 10 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for State grants under section 203.

(16) 1 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 to the Reforestation Trust Fund (16 U.S.C. 1606a).

(17) 0.1 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for assistance through cooperative agreements to decrease the environmental impact of energy-related activities pursuant to section 931 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16231).

(18) 1.6 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for the environmental quality incentives program under chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa et seq.) for payments to producers to implement practices that promote improvements identified in subparagraphs (A) and (C) of section 1240B(d)(3) of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2).

(19) 0.5 percent for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2036 for the regional conservation partnership program under section 1271 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871) for eligible activities on eligible land through partnership agreements with eligible partners and contracts with producers that address one of the following goals:

(A) Soil health.

(B) Nutrient management.

(C) Forest restoration.

(D) Reduction of methane emissions.

(E) Other related activities that the Secretary determines will help achieve conservation benefits and increase carbon sequestration or reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

For purposes of subsection (a)(11), the term carbon removal technologies includes:

(1) Direct air capture and storage technologies, which shall not include any equipment which captures carbon dioxide which is deliberately released from naturally occurring subsurface springs or using natural photosynthesis.

(2) Bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration.

(3) Enhanced geological weathering.

(4) Agricultural and grazing practices.

(5) Forest management and afforestation.

(6) Planned or managed carbon sinks, including natural and artificial.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law and in a manner consistent with other provisions in this title, all laborers and mechanics employed by contractors and subcontractors on projects funded directly by or assisted in whole or in part by and through the Federal Government pursuant to this title shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing on projects of a character similar in the locality as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with subchapter IV of chapter 31 of title 40, United States Code. With respect to the labor standards specified in this section, the Secretary of Labor shall have the authority and functions set forth in Reorganization Plan Numbered 14 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1267; 5 U.S.C. App.) and section 3145 of title 40, United States Code.

Section 9508(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(A) by striking and at the end of paragraph (3),

(B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (4) and inserting, and, and

(C) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:

(5) amounts made available to the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund from the RISE Trust Fund under section 202(a)(5) of the Modernizing America with Rebuilding to Kickstart the Economy of the Twenty-first Century with a Historic Infrastructure-Centered Expansion Act.

Section 303(a) of the Act of October 14, 1980 (16 U.S.C. 1606a(a)) is amended by striking subsection (b)(1) and inserting paragraph (1) or (4) of subsection (b).

Section 303(b) of the Act of October 14, 1980 (16 U.S.C. 1606a(b)) is amended—

(i) in paragraph (2) by inserting under paragraph (1) after The Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer, and

(ii) by adding at the end the following:

(4) Not later than 9 months after the enactment of the Modernizing America with Rebuilding to Kickstart the Economy of the Twenty-first Century with a Historic Infrastructure-Centered Expansion Act, the Secretary shall transfer to the Trust Fund the amounts made available under section 202(a)(13) of such Act.

From amounts made available under section 202(a)(15), the Secretary of the Treasury shall make a annual grant to each State (hereafter in this section referred to as State grant) to distribute to eligible low-income households in accordance with this section.

A household shall be considered to be an eligible low-income household for purposes of this section if—

(1) except as provided in subsection (d)(4), the gross income of the household does not exceed 150 percent of the poverty line;

(2) the appropriate State agency for the State in which the household is located determines that the household is participating in—

(A) the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program authorized by the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.);

(B) the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations authorized by section 4(b) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2013(b)); or

(C) the program for nutrition assistance in Puerto Rico or American Samoa under section 19 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2028);

(3) the household consists of a single individual or a married couple, and—

(A) receives the subsidy described in section 1860D–14 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–114); or

(i) participates in the program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act; and

(ii) meets the income requirements described in section 1860D–14(a)(1) or (a)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–114(a)(1) or (a)(2)); or

(4) the household consists of a single individual or a married couple, and receives benefits under the supplemental security income program under title XVI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1381–1383f).

The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall determine the amount of each State grant in proportion to the percentage of total United States greenhouse gas emissions attributable to electricity, natural gas, gasoline, diesel, and fuel ethanol sold in such State during the preceding calendar year.

Not later than 1 year after the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall establish by rule a date in each year by which each State shall notify the Secretary how the State intends to distribute the State Grant. The Secretary shall transfer the State Grant to each State only upon the State demonstrating to the Secretary’s satisfaction that the State intends to distribute the State Grant in accordance with this section.

For the purposes of this section, the term State includes the District of Columbia and any territory or possession of the United States.

Subpart A of part III of subchapter A of chapter 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is hereby repealed.

The repeal made by subsection (a) shall apply to transactions after December 31, 2025.

Section 48A(e)(1)(G) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting and 60 percent in the case of an application for a reallocation of credits under subsection (d)(4) with respect to an electrical generating unit in existence on October 3, 2008 after under subsection (d)(4).

Section 48A(e)(1)(C) of such Code is amended by striking 400 megawatts and inserting 200 megawatts.

Section 48A(f)(1) of such Code is amended by striking generation technology if— and all that follows through the unit is designed and inserting generation technology if the unit is designed.

Section 48A(f) is amended—

(A) by striking all that precedes the purpose of this section and inserting the following:

For

(B) by striking in subparagraph (B) in the second sentence and inserting in this subsection; and

(C) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3).

Section 48A(f) of such Code, as amended by this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following: In the case of a retrofit of a unit which has undergone a best available control technology analysis after August 8, 2005, with respect to the removal or emissions of any pollutant which is SO2 or NOx, the removal or emissions design level with respect to such pollutant shall be the level determined in such analysis..

Section 48A(d)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (A)—

(A) by striking Not later than 6 years after the date of enactment of this section, the and inserting The; and

(B) by inserting and every 6 months thereafter until all credits available under this section have been allowed after the date which is 6 years after the date of enactment of this section;

(2) in subparagraph (B)—

(A) by striking may reallocate credits available under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (3)(B) and inserting shall reallocate credits remaining available under paragraph (3);

(B) by striking or at the end of clause (i); and

(C) by striking clause (ii) and inserting the following:; and

(ii) any applicant for certification which submitted an accepted application has subsequently failed to satisfy the requirements under paragraph (2)(D), or

(iii) any certification made pursuant to paragraph (2) has been revoked pursuant to paragraph (2)(E).

(3) in subparagraph (C)—

(A) by striking clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (3)(B) and inserting paragraph (3);

(B) by striking is authorized to and inserting shall; and

(C) by striking an additional program and inserting additional programs.

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply to allocations and reallocations after the date of the enactment of this Act.

The amendments made by subsection (e) shall apply to credits remaining available under section 48A(d)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 on the date of the enactment of this Act.

Title III of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7601) is amended by adding at the end the following:

Unless specifically authorized in section 202, 211, 213, 231, or this section, after a fossil fuel has passed through a point of taxation as provided in section 9901(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, subject to subsection (g), the Administrator shall not issue or enforce any rule limiting the emission of greenhouse gases from the combustion of that fuel under this Act (or impose any requirement on any State to limit such emission) on the basis of the emission’s greenhouse gas effects.

Unless specifically authorized in section 202, 211, 213, 231, or this section, if emission of any greenhouse gas is subject to taxation pursuant to section 9902 or 9903 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the Administrator shall not issue or enforce any rule limiting such emission under this Act (or impose any requirement on any State to limit such emission) on the basis of the emission’s greenhouse gas effects.

Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b), nothing in this section limits the Administrator’s authority pursuant to any other provision of this Act—

(1) to limit the emission of any greenhouse gas because of any adverse impact on health or welfare other than its greenhouse gas effects;

(2) in limiting emissions as described in paragraph (1), to consider the collateral benefits of limiting the emissions because of greenhouse gas effects;

(3) to limit the emission of any other pollutant that is not a greenhouse gas that the Administrator determines by rule has heat-trapping properties; or

(4) to take any action with respect to any greenhouse gas other than limiting its emission, including—

(A) monitoring, reporting, and record-keeping requirements;

(B) conducting or supporting investigations; and

(C) information collection.

Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b), nothing in this section limits the Administrator’s authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from—

(1) facilities that—

(A) are subject to subpart OOOO or OOOOa of part 60 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on January 1, 2018, or

(B) would be subject to either subpart OOOO or OOOOa if those subparts applied to facilities without regard to the date on which construction, modification, or reconstruction commenced, and

(2) POTW Treatment Plants (as defined in section 403.3(r) of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this section)).

In this section, the terms greenhouse gas and greenhouse gas effects have the meanings given to those terms in section 9907 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

Subsections (a) and (b) shall cease to apply beginning on January 1, 2039.

Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) of this section and section 211(c)(5) of this Act, if the Administrator determines by March 30, 2031, pursuant to the report required by section 9901(b)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, that total greenhouse gas emissions from sources subject to taxation under sections 9901 through 9903 of such Code during the period of calendar years 2027 through 2030 exceed the emission level specified in section 9901(b)(3)(A) of such Code for calendar year 2028, then beginning on October 1, 2031, subsections (a) and (b) shall cease to apply.

Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) of this section and section 211(c)(5) of this Act, if the Administrator determines by March 30, 2035, pursuant to the report required by section 9901(b)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, that total greenhouse gas emissions from sources subject to taxation under sections 9901 through 9903 of such Code during the period of calendar years 2027 through 2034 exceed the emission level specified in section 9901(b)(3)(A) of such Code for calendar year 2034, then beginning on October 1, 2035, subsections (a) and (b) shall cease to apply.

Section 202(b) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521(b)) is amended—

(1) by redesignating the second paragraph (3) (as redesignated by section 230(4)(C) of Public Law 101–549 (104 Stat. 2529)) as paragraph (4); and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

(5) Notwithstanding section 330(a), the Administrator may—

(A) limit the emission of any greenhouse gas (as defined in section 9907 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) on the basis of the emission’s greenhouse gas effects (as defined in section 9907 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) from any class or classes of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines subject to regulation under subsection (a)(1); and

(B) grant a waiver under section 209(b)(1) for standards for the control of greenhouse gas emissions.

Section 211(c) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

(5) Except as required in subsection (o), the Administrator shall not, pursuant to this subsection, impose on any manufacturer, processor, or distributor of fuel any requirement for the purpose of reducing the emission of any greenhouse gas (as defined in section 9907 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) produced by combustion of the fuel on the basis of the emission’s greenhouse gas effects (as defined in section 9907 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986).

Section 213 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7547) is amended by adding at the end the following:

Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) of section 330, the Administrator may limit the emission of any greenhouse gas (as defined in section 9907 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) on the basis of the emission’s greenhouse gas effects (as defined in section 9907 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) from any nonroad engines and nonroad vehicles subject to regulation under this section.

Section 231 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 757) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

(d) Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) of section 330, the Administrator may limit the emission of any greenhouse gas (as defined in section 9907 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) on the basis of the emission’s greenhouse gas effects (as defined in section 9907 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) from any class or classes of aircraft engines, so long as any such limitation is not more stringent than the standards adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization.

The Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Army (hereinafter referred to as the Secretaries), in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, may make grants to State and local governments and federally recognized Indian Tribes for frequent and chronic flooding mitigation and adaptation infrastructure projects.

Amounts provided as a grant under this section may be used for any of the following:

(1) Adaptation of existing infrastructure to mitigate impacts of climate change, including enhancements to both built and natural environments.

(2) Maintenance and updating of existing flood risk reduction infrastructure, such as gravity drainage structures, road elevation, bulkheads, gates, and floodwalls.

(3) Increasing resilience to frequent and chronic flooding, including (as combined or separate projects)—

(A) the creation of bulkheads, levees, and other hard infrastructure alone or in combination with natural infrastructure described in subparagraph (B); and

(B) habitat restoration work, including dune enhancement, vegetative restoration, beach renourishment, coral and oyster reef restoration, floodplain restoration, and other actions to restore the function of the natural ecological function and processes to provide flood risk reduction benefits.

(4) Improvements to conveyance, diversion, removal, and storage infrastructure to reduce risks caused by frequent and chronic flooding.

(5) Innovative methods to reduce risks caused by chronic flooding along street infrastructure systems, including canal streets, absorbent streets, floodable parks, bioswales, rain gardens, permeable pavement, and underground cisterns.

(6) Deployment of technologies designed to mitigate power outages, continue delivery of vital electricity services, and maintain the flow of power to facilities critical to public health, safety, and welfare, including distributed generation, energy storage, and microgrids.

A project shall not be eligible for funding under this section if it will have any long-term negative impact on important ecological functions and habitat or existing natural protection features and functions.

In making grants under this section the Secretaries shall give priority to the following:

(1) Protecting areas designated as special flood hazard areas for purposes of the national flood insurance program under the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.) and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.), hazard areas that incorporate at least 2 feet of additional freeboard, or 3 feet in the case of critical infrastructure, above base flood elevation.

(2) Protecting critical infrastructure, as that term is defined in section 1016(e) of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e)).

(3) Projects that yield flood risk reduction benefits and additional environmental, social, and economic benefits.

Two or more contiguous local governments or Tribes may jointly apply for, and receive, a grant under this section.

The Federal share of the cost of any activity carried out with a grant under this section shall not exceed 90 percent of the cost of such activity.

The Secretary shall apply to the non-Federal share of an activity carried out with a grant under this section the amount of funds, and the fair market value of property and services, provided by non-Federal sources and used for the activity.

Each recipient of a grant under this section shall report annually to the Secretaries on the progress made on the project carried out with the grant.

Nothing in this title shall preempt or supersede, or be interpreted to preempt or supersede, any State law or regulation.

For a period of 10 years after the enactment of the Modernizing America with Rebuilding to Kickstart the Economy of the Twenty-first Century with a Historic Infrastructure-Centered Expansion Act, from amounts made available under section 202 of this Act, the Secretary of Labor shall carry out a program to assist workers in the energy sector.

For purposes of this section, the term workers in the energy sector means—

(1) workers in fossil energy sectors that may be displaced as a result of the enactment of this Act; and

(2) workers in the nuclear power sector that work at a nuclear power plant—

(A) that ceased operation in the two years preceding the date of enactment of this Act; or

(B) the owner of which announced prior to the date of enactment of this Act its intent to cease the operation of the plant at a future date.

Such assistance may take the form of the following:

(1) Worker retraining.

(2) Relocation expenses for those who move to find new employment.

(3) Early retirement.

(4) Health benefits.

(5) Block grants to affected communities for economic redevelopment and infrastructure investments.

(6) Transfers to the trustees of the 1974 United Mine Workers of America Pension Plan to pay benefits required under that plan. No such transfer shall be made in a first fiscal year beginning after a plan year for which the funded percentage (as defined in section 432(j)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) of the 1974 United Mine Workers of America Pension Plan is at least 100 percent.

There is established a bipartisan commission to be known as the National Climate Commission (in this title referred to as the Commission).

The Commission shall be composed of 10 members, appointed as follows:

(A) One cochair appointed by the President.

(B) One cochair appointed by the majority or minority leader of the Senate, whoever is of the opposite party as the President, in consultation with the Speaker or minority leader of the House of Representatives, whoever is of the opposite party as the President.

(C) Two members appointed by the majority leader of the Senate.

(D) Two members appointed by the minority leader of the Senate.

(E) Two members appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

(F) Two members appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives.

To be considered for membership on the Commission, an individual shall demonstrate expertise in the economy, energy, climate, or public health, and be a representative from—

(i) an academic, scientific, or other non-governmental organization; or

(ii) an industry organization or small business in a relevant sector such as—

(I) energy supply and transmission, including fossil fuels and renewable energy;

(II) energy exploration and production, including fossil fuels and renewable energy;

(III) solid waste and wastewater;

(IV) transportation;

(V) chemical manufacturing;

(VI) agriculture;

(VII) construction; and

(VIII) forestry.

No employee, owner, director, or other person affiliated with an entity that has donated funding for the activities of the Commission pursuant to section 404(a) may be appointed to the Commission.

Members of the Commission shall be appointed not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Members of the Commission shall be appointed for a term of 6 years, which may be renewed.

A vacancy in the Commission shall not affect the powers of the Commission and shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made.

Each member of the Commission may be compensated at a rate not to exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay in effect for a position at level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each day during which that member is engaged in the performance of the duties of the Commission.

Each member shall receive travel expenses to perform the duties of the Commission, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code.

The Commission shall hold its first meeting not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

The Commission shall meet not less than once every 3 years.

Six members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum.

The Commission shall set goals for emissions reduction to be achieved by 2031 and every five years thereafter through 2056, using such estimated rates of reduction as the Commission determines reflect the latest scientific findings of what is necessary to avoid the serious human health and environmental consequences of climate change.

The Commission shall assess the effect of existing policies and programs of the Federal government with the aim of achieving the emissions reduction goals in subsection (a).

Beginning in 2032, and every 5 years thereafter, the Commission shall issue a report to the President, Congress, and the States, which shall include—

(1) an analysis of whether the policies and programs assessed under subsection (b) are on pace to achieving the emissions reduction goals set under subsection (a);

(2) recommendations, if any, for reducing greenhouse gas emissions; and

(3) a minority report with dissenting views, if applicable.

The Commission may secure directly from any executive department, bureau, agency, board, commission, office, independent establishment, or instrumentality of the government, unrestricted information, suggestions, estimates, and statistics for the purpose of carrying out this title. Each department, bureau, agency, board, commission, office, independent establishment, or instrumentality shall, to the extent authorized by provisions of law other than this section, furnish such unrestricted information, suggestions, estimates, and statistics directly to the Commission, upon request made by a cochair or any member designated by a majority of the Commission.

Unrestricted information provided to the Commission under paragraph (1) shall be received, handled, stored, and disseminated only by members and staff of the Commission, consistent with any applicable statutes, regulations, or Executive orders.

The Administrator of General Services shall provide to the Commission, on a reimbursable basis, administrative support and other services for the performance of the functions of the Commission.

In addition to the assistance prescribed in paragraph (1), departments and agencies of the United States may provide to the Commission such services, funds, facilities, staff, and other support services as they may determine advisable and as may be authorized by law.

The Commission may use the United States mail in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the United States.

The Secretary of Commerce may collect private sector donations for the purpose of carrying out this title, to be deposited in the Treasury and made available consistent with the authorization of appropriations in subsection (c).

The amounts and sources of all funds donated under subsection (a) and all spending by the Commission shall be made publicly available on the website of the Commission.

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Commission, for the purpose of carrying out the activities of this title, $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2036.

Any Federal Government employee may be detailed to the Commission without reimbursement from the Commission, and such detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege.

The Commission may procure the services of experts and consultants in accordance with section 3109 of title 5, United States Code, at rates not to exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay in effect for a position at level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code.

This title may be cited as the Knock Out Cancer Act or the KO Cancer Act.

To conduct or support cancer research, there is hereby appropriated, for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030, to the National Cancer Institute, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, an amount that is equal to 25 percent of the total amount appropriated to the National Cancer Institute for fiscal year 2024, to remain available until expended. Amounts appropriated pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be in addition to amounts otherwise made available to the National Cancer Institute.

The Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, in collaboration with such other agencies as the Secretary deems necessary, shall study the reasons for cancer drug shortages, including—

(1) economic reasons;

(2) supply chain failures;

(3) delays and other complications relating to—

(A) the development of cancer drugs; and

(B) the approval of such drugs by the Food and Drug Administration; and

(4) insufficient generic drugs and biosimilar biological products.

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall complete the study under subsection (a) and submit a report to the appropriate committees of the Congress on the results of such study.

The report under paragraph (1) shall include recommendations for addressing the reasons for cancer drug shortages.

Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall designate an official of the Department of Defense as the Coordinator for Engagement with Defense Communities Affected by PFAS.

The responsibilities of the Coordinator designated under subsection (a) are—

(1) to improve the outreach, education, and communication efforts of the Department with respect to current or former defense communities located in the United States that have been affected by the contamination or leakage of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (referred to in this section as PFAS); and

(2) to serve as a dedicated liaison between the Department of State and local governments, advocacy organizations, and individual citizens in the current and former defense communities where the Department has ongoing or incomplete PFAS remediation projects.

For the purposes of this section, the terms perfluoroalkyl substance and polyfluoroalkyl substance have the meanings given such terms in section 333(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 134 Stat. 3531; 10 U.S.C. 3062 note).

Not later than 90 days after the enactment of this Act, there shall be established within the legislative branch a Commission to be known as the National Bipartisan Fiscal Commission (referred to in this title as the Commission).

The Commission shall be composed of 20 members, including the following:

(A) 4 members of Congress, not more than two who shall be from the same party, appointed by the President.

(B) 4 members of Congress from each of the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leader in the House, the Majority Leader in the Senate, and the Minority Leader in the Senate.

Members of the Commission shall be appointed not later than 30 days after the establishment of the Commission.

Two of the members of the Commission appointed by the President shall be designated by the President to serve as Chair and Vice Chair of the Commission.

The Commissions shall review and recommend a legislative package for Congress to stabilize long-term deficits and debt, as well as require CBO to consider the cost of servicing the debt in its estimations.

Not later than 18 months after, the Commission shall submit to Congress a report which includes their review and recommendation required by subsection (c), including the legislative package required by such subsection.

In carrying out this section, the Commission may require, by subpoena or otherwise, the attendance and testimony of such witnesses and the production of such books, records, correspondence, memorandums, papers, and documents as the Commissions deems necessary.

A subpoena may be issued under this paragraph subsection only by the agreement of the chair and the vice chair of the Commission or by the affirmative vote of ten voting members of the Commission.

A subpoena may be served by any person designated by the chair of the Commission, in consultation with the vice chair of the Commission, or any such voting member of the Commission designated by the chair in consultation with the vice chair.

The Commission, or on the authority of the Commission, may for the purpose of carrying out this section hold such hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take testimony, and receive such evidence as the Commission may deem advisable.

The chair of the Commission, the vice chair of the Commission, or any voting member of the Commission designated by the chair may administer oaths to any witness.

The Commission shall meet and begin operations of the Commission as soon as practicable, but in any case not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

After its initial meeting, the Commission shall meet upon the call of the chair or a majority of its voting members. Ten voting members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum.

Any vacancy in the Commission shall not affect its powers but shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made and within 90 days of the vacancy.

Chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the Federal Advisory Committee Act) shall not apply to the Commission.

Not later than 60 days after the date on which the Commission submits a report to Congress under section 401(d), the President shall transmit to Congress a special message on the report, accompanied by a proposed joint resolution consisting of legislative language to implement the recommendations contained in such report.

The President may not transmit a proposed joint resolution under subsection (a) until after the President completes consultation with Congress in accordance with this paragraph.

The President shall consult with the chairman and ranking minority member of each relevant committee of the Senate or of the House of Representatives regarding the contents of a proposed joint resolution.

The consultation required under subparagraph (B) shall provide the opportunity for the chairman and ranking member of each relevant committee of the Senate or of the House of Representatives to provide—

(I) recommendations for alternative means of addressing the recommendations contained in the Commission report; and

(II) recommendations regarding which recommendations contained in the Commission report should not be addressed in the proposed joint resolution.

The relevant committees of the Senate and the House of Representatives for purposes of this paragraph shall be—

(I) determined by the President; and

(II) based on the content of the proposed joint resolution.

The President shall prepare a proposed joint resolution transmitted under subsection (a) in consultation with the Comptroller General of the United States and the Director of the Congressional Budget Office.

A special message transmitted under subsection (a) shall—

(A) specify recommendations outlined in the Commission report that are excluded from the proposed joint resolution;

(B) detail why the recommendations described in paragraph (1) were excluded from the proposed joint resolution;

(C) specify recommendations outlined in the Commission report that are included in the proposed joint resolution; and

(D) identify programs included in the Commission report that should be eliminated or consolidated.

The President shall submit the special message to the Secretary of the Senate if the Senate is not in session and to the Clerk of the House of Representatives if the House is not in session.

The President shall make a copy of the special message and the proposed joint resolution publicly available, including publicly available on a website of the President, and shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of the message and information on how it can be obtained.

Only a Commission joint resolution shall be entitled to expedited consideration under this section.

In this section, the term Commission joint resolution means a joint resolution which consists solely of the text of the proposed joint resolution submitted by the President under section 3(a).

A Commission joint resolution may be introduced in the House of Representatives (by request)—

(i) by the majority leader of the House of Representatives, or by a Member of the House of Representatives designated by the majority leader of the House of Representatives, on the next legislative day after the date on which the President submits the proposed joint resolution under section 3(a); or

(ii) if the Commission joint resolution is not introduced under subparagraph (A), by any Member of the House of Representatives on any legislative day beginning on the legislative day after the legislative day described in subparagraph (A).

Any committee of the House of Representatives to which a Commission joint resolution is referred shall report the Commission joint resolution to the House of Representatives without amendment not later than 10 legislative days after the date on which the Commission joint resolution was so referred. If a committee of the House of Representatives fails to report a Commission joint resolution within that period, it shall be in order to move that the House of Representatives discharge the committee from further consideration of the Commission joint resolution. Such a motion shall not be in order after the last committee authorized to consider the Commission joint resolution reports it to the House of Representatives or after the House of Representatives has disposed of a motion to discharge the Commission joint resolution. The previous question shall be considered as ordered on the motion to its adoption without intervening motion except 20 minutes of debate equally divided and controlled by the proponent and an opponent. If such a motion is adopted, the House of Representatives shall proceed immediately to consider the Commission joint resolution in accordance with paragraphs (3) and (4). A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is disposed of shall not be in order.

After the last committee authorized to consider a Commission joint resolution reports it to the House of Representatives or has been discharged (other than by motion) from its consideration, it shall be in order to move to proceed to consider the Commission joint resolution in the House of Representatives. Such a motion shall not be in order after the House of Representatives has disposed of a motion to proceed with respect to the Commission joint resolution. The previous question shall be considered as ordered on the motion to its adoption without intervening motion. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is disposed of shall not be in order.

The Commission joint resolution shall be considered as read. All points of order against the Commission joint resolution and against its consideration are waived. The previous question shall be considered as ordered on the Commission joint resolution to its passage without intervening motion except 2 hours of debate equally divided and controlled by the proponent and an opponent and 1 motion to limit debate on the Commission joint resolution. A motion to reconsider the vote on passage of the Commission joint resolution shall not be in order.

The vote on passage of the Commission joint resolution shall occur not later than 3 legislative days after the date on which the last committee authorized to consider the Commission joint resolution reports it to the House of Representatives or is discharged.

A Commission joint resolution may be introduced in the Senate (by request)—

(i) by the majority leader of the Senate, or by a Member of the Senate designated by the majority leader of the Senate, on the next legislative day after the date on which the President submits the proposed joint resolution under section 3(a); or

(ii) if the Commission joint resolution is not introduced under subparagraph (A), by any Member of the Senate on any day on which the Senate is in session beginning on the day after the day described in subparagraph (A).

A Commission joint resolution introduced in the Senate under paragraph (1) shall be jointly referred to the committee or committees of jurisdiction, which committees shall report the Commission joint resolution without any revision and with a favorable recommendation, an unfavorable recommendation, or without recommendation, not later than 10 session days after the date on which the Commission joint resolution was so referred. If any committee to which a Commission joint resolution is referred fails to report the Commission joint resolution within that period, that committee shall be automatically discharged from consideration of the Commission joint resolution, and the Commission joint resolution shall be placed on the appropriate calendar.

Notwithstanding rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it is in order, not later than 2 days of session after the date on which a Commission joint resolution is reported or discharged from all committees to which the Commission joint resolution was referred, for the majority leader of the Senate or the designee of the majority leader to move to proceed to the consideration of the Commission joint resolution. It shall also be in order for any Member of the Senate to move to proceed to the consideration of the Commission joint resolution at any time after the conclusion of such 2-day period. A motion to proceed is in order even though a previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to. All points of order against the motion to proceed to the Commission joint resolution are waived. The motion to proceed is not debatable. The motion is not subject to a motion to postpone. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. If a motion to proceed to the consideration of the Commission joint resolution is agreed to, the Commission joint resolution shall remain the unfinished business until disposed of. All points of order against a Commission joint resolution and against consideration of the Commission joint resolution are waived.

An amendment to a Commission joint resolution, or a motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business, or a motion to recommit the Commission joint resolution, is not in order.

Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to the application of the rules of the Senate, as the case may be, to the procedure relating to a Commission joint resolution shall be decided without debate.

A Commission joint resolution shall not be subject to amendment in either the Senate or the House of Representatives.

If, before passing a Commission joint resolution, a House receives from the other House a Commission joint resolution of the other House—

(i) the Commission joint resolution of the other House shall not be referred to a committee; and

(ii) the procedure in the receiving House shall be the same as if no Commission joint resolution had been received from the other House until the vote on passage, when the Commission joint resolution received from the other House shall supplant the Commission joint resolution of the receiving House.

This subsection shall not apply to the House of Representatives if a Commission joint resolution received from the Senate is a revenue measure.

If a Commission joint resolution is not introduced in the Senate or the Senate fails to consider a Commission joint resolution under this section, the Commission joint resolution of the House of Representatives shall be entitled to expedited floor procedures under this section.

If, following passage of a Commission joint resolution in the Senate, the Senate then receives from the House of Representatives a Commission joint resolution, the House-passed Commission joint resolution shall not be debatable. The vote on passage of the Commission joint resolution in the Senate shall be considered to be the vote on passage of the Commission joint resolution received from the House of Representatives.

If the President vetoes a Commission joint resolution, consideration of a veto message in the Senate under this paragraph shall be 10 hours equally divided between the majority and minority leaders of the Senate or the designees of the majority and minority leaders of the Senate.

This section is enacted by Congress—

(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate and House of Representatives, respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, but applicable only with respect to the procedure to be followed in that House in the case of a Commission joint resolution, and it supersedes other rules only to the extent that it is inconsistent with such rules; and

(B) with full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that House.

Rule XXIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives is amended by adding at the end the following:

(A) In this Code of Official Conduct, the term covered financial instrument means any investment in a security or security future (as defined by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) or a commodity (as defined by the Commodity Exchange Act), and any economic interest acquired through synthetic means, such as the use of a derivative, including an option, warrant, or other similar means.

(B) A Member of the House of Representatives may not own or trade a covered financial instrument.

(C) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent a Member of the House of Representatives from owning or trading a widely held investment fund that is registered as a management company; a United States Treasury bill, note, or bond; any bond issued by a State or local government; or any investment under the Thrift Savings Plan.

(D) Each Member of the House of Representatives shall submit to the House Committee on Ethics a pledge of compliance with the requirements of this paragraph and shall produce, upon request of the House Committee on Ethics, material or information determined by the House Committee on Ethics to be necessary to indicate compliance with the provisions of this paragraph.

This title may be cited as the End Banking for Human Traffickers Act of 2025.

Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Financial Institutions Examination Council, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the private sector, victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons, advocates of persons at risk of becoming victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons, and appropriate law enforcement agencies, shall—

(1) review and enhance training and examinations procedures to improve the capabilities of anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism programs to detect financial transactions relating to severe forms of trafficking in persons;

(2) review and enhance procedures for referring potential cases relating to severe forms of trafficking in persons to the appropriate law enforcement agency; and

(3) determine, as appropriate, whether requirements for financial institutions are sufficient to detect and deter money laundering relating to severe forms of trafficking in persons.

Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Interagency Task Force To Monitor and Combat Trafficking shall submit to the Committee on Financial Services and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the head of each Federal banking agency—

(A) an analysis of anti-money laundering efforts of the United States Government and United States financial institutions relating to severe forms of trafficking in persons; and

(B) appropriate legislative, administrative, and other recommendations to strengthen efforts against money laundering relating to severe forms of trafficking in persons.

The recommendations under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) feedback from financial institutions on best practices of successful programs to combat severe forms of trafficking in persons currently in place that may be suitable for broader adoption by similarly situated financial institutions;

(B) feedback from stakeholders, including victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons, advocates of persons at risk of becoming victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons, and financial institutions, on policy proposals derived from the analysis conducted by the task force referred to in paragraph (1) that would enhance the efforts and programs of financial institutions to detect and deter money laundering relating to severe forms of trafficking in persons, including any recommended changes to internal policies, procedures, and controls relating to severe forms of trafficking in persons;

(C) any recommended changes to training programs at financial institutions to better equip employees to deter and detect money laundering relating to severe forms of trafficking in persons;

(D) any recommended changes to expand information sharing relating to severe forms of trafficking in persons among financial institutions and between such financial institutions, appropriate law enforcement agencies, and appropriate Federal agencies; and

(E) recommended changes, if necessary, to existing statutory law to more effectively detect and deter money laundering relating to severe forms of trafficking in persons, where such money laundering involves the use of emerging technologies and virtual currencies.

Nothing in this title shall be construed to—

(1) grant rulemaking authority to the Interagency Task Force To Monitor and Combat Trafficking; or

(2) encourage financial institutions to deny services to victims of trafficking, victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons, or individuals not responsible for promoting severe forms of trafficking in persons.

As used in this section—

(1) the term Federal banking agency has the meaning given the term in section 3(q) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(q));

(2) the term severe forms of trafficking in persons has the meaning given such term in section 103 of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102);

(3) the term Interagency Task Force To Monitor and Combat Trafficking means the Interagency Task Force To Monitor and Combat Trafficking established by the President pursuant to section 105 of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7103); and

(4) the term law enforcement agency means an agency of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State, authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of any violation of criminal or civil law.

Section 108(b) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7106(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

(13) Whether the government of the country, consistent with the capacity of the country, has in effect a framework to prevent financial transactions involving the proceeds of severe forms of trafficking in persons, and is taking steps to implement such a framework, including by investigating, prosecuting, convicting, and sentencing individuals who attempt or conduct such transactions.

This title may be cited as the Measures for Safer School Districts Act or the MSD Act.

Title VIII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

As a condition of receiving funds under this Act, each local educational agency shall—

(1) develop and implement emergency response procedures covering all students, faculty, and staff at public elementary and secondary schools under the jurisdiction of the agency; and

(2) pursuant to such procedures, ensure that parents and guardians receive timely notification of covered threats and emergencies that occur on school grounds, during school transportation, or during school-sponsored activities.

The emergency response and notification procedures developed under subsection (a) shall meet the following criteria:

(1) The procedures shall be developed in consultation with appropriate public safety agencies.

(2) Commonly used alarm system responses for specific types of emergencies shall be implemented.

(3) The procedures shall identify—

(A) the primary emergency response agency that is responsible for each type of covered threat or emergency; and

(B) the individuals within each school who are responsible for contacting the primary emergency response agency in the event of such a threat or emergency.

In this section, the term covered threats and emergencies means—

(1) weapons possession or use when there is intended harm toward another person;

(2) active shooter or hostage situations;

(3) bomb threats;

(4) murder, homicide, or manslaughter;

(5) sex offenses, including rape, sexual assault, or sexual misconduct involving a student and school personnel;

(6) trespassing;

(7) fires;

(8) natural weather emergencies, including hurricanes, tornadoes, and severe storms;

(9) natural disasters;

(10) exposure to harmful substances or conditions as a result of a manmade emergency; and

(11) such other threats and emergencies as a local educational agency determines appropriate to address through the procedures required under subsection (a).

Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) of the Department of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall convene a rulemaking advisory committee to review and develop findings and recommendations to require the installation or modification of interior and exterior doors in any elementary or secondary school in the United States which receives Federal funding.

The Director of CISA shall chair and, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, appoint the members of the rulemaking committee under subsection (a), which shall be comprised of the Secretary of Education (or his or her designee) and at least one representative from the constituencies of—

(1) State and local law enforcement officers;

(2) school safety personnel or school resource officers;

(3) school safety advocates, which may include parents;

(4) public, private, or parochial school teachers or administrators;

(5) individuals with expertise in the area of ballistic shielding technology;

(6) individuals with expertise in the field of school construction, including structural engineering or architecture; and

(7) other stakeholders or experts the Director of CISA, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, determines appropriate.

The rulemaking advisory committee under subsection (a) shall consider the following:

(1) Requirements for any reinforced door, including an identification or specification of appropriate technologies, mechanisms, covers, adhesives, or other qualities of such doors that may be utilized to better guarantee security within a classroom or elementary or secondary school building.

(2) Reinforced door performance standards that manufacturers and elementary or secondary schools are required to satisfy.

(3) The development, certification, testing, manufacturing, installation, and training relating to reinforced doors.

(4) The appropriate term of service or lifetime of a reinforced door.

(5) How requirements will ensure the effectiveness of a reinforced door in protecting against threats while not inhibiting the movement of law enforcement personnel in pursuit of a threat or the ability of students, teachers, and elementary or secondary school personnel to safely evacuate in the event of an emergency.

(6) Other considerations the Director of CISA determines appropriate.

Not later than one year after the convening of the rulemaking advisory committee under subsection (a), the Director of CISA shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Education and Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Heath, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report based on the findings and recommendations of such committee.

Not later than six months after the date of submission of the report required under subsection (d), the Director of CISA, taking into consideration the findings and recommendations contained in such report, shall issue a final rule requiring the installation or modification of interior and exterior doors in elementary or secondary schools for the purpose of reinforcing such doors.

This section shall be administered under the authorization of the Homeland Security Grant Program under section 2004 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 605). There is authorized to be appropriated to such Program to carry out this section an additional $100,000,000 for the fiscal year in which the final rule is issued in accordance with subsection (e) and for each of the nine fiscal years thereafter. Such additional amounts may only be obligated and expended for the purpose of carrying out this section.

This title may be cited as the Let America Vote Act.

It is the sense of Congress that the right of a citizen of the United States to vote in any taxpayer-funded election for public office shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on the grounds of political party affiliation or lack thereof.

Each State shall permit an unaffiliated voter who is registered to vote in an election for Federal office held in the State to vote in any primary election for such office held in the State, except that the State shall not permit an unaffiliated voter to vote in primary elections for such office of more than one political party.

A State shall not share information relating to an unaffiliated voter in a primary election for Federal office, including the voter’s name and contact information, with a political party or with any other person who may reasonably be expected to use the information for a political or politically-connected commercial purpose, including soliciting funds.

For purposes of a State’s official voter registration list, a State shall not treat an individual who is an unaffiliated voter as a member of, or as an individual who is otherwise affiliated with, the political party who held the primary election in which the individual voted solely on the grounds that the individual voted in that primary election.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a State may not use any funds provided by the Federal Government directly for election administration purposes unless the State certifies to the Election Assistance Commission that—

(1) the State permits an unaffiliated voter who is registered to vote in an election for State or local office held in the State to vote in any primary election for such office held in the State, except that the State shall not permit an unaffiliated voter to vote in primary elections for such office of more than one political party;

(2) the State applies the restrictions on sharing information relating to unaffiliated voters in primary elections for Federal office, as described in subsection (a)(2)(A), to information relating to unaffiliated voters in primary elections for State and local office; and

(3) the State applies the restrictions on treating unaffiliated voters in primary elections for Federal office as members of, or as individuals who are otherwise affiliated with, a political party, as described in subsection (a)(2)(B), to unaffiliated voters in primary elections for State and local office.

If a State certifies to the Election Assistance Commission that the State is in compliance with the requirements of this section with respect to a fiscal year, the Commission shall make a payment to the State during that fiscal year and each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years in an amount equal to 2 percent of the total amount of requirements payments made to the State under section 251 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21001).

A State shall use the payment received under this subsection to cover the costs of permitting unaffiliated voters who are registered to vote in elections for Federal, State, or local office held in the State to vote in any primary election for such office held in the State.

There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2026 and each succeeding fiscal year such sums as may be necessary for grants under this subsection.

For purposes of this section—

(1) the terms election and Federal office have the meanings give such terms in section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101);

(2) the term primary election means an election (including a primary election held for the expression of a preference for the nomination of individuals for election to the office of President) held by any political party to nominate individuals who would appear on a general election ballot as a candidate for election for Federal office, including a convention or caucus of a political party which has authority to nominate such a candidate;

(3) the term State has the meaning given such term in section 901 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141); and

(4) the term unaffiliated voter means an individual who is not registered to vote as a member of a political party or otherwise affiliated with a political party.

This title shall apply with respect to elections held after the date of the enactment of this Act.

It is the policy of the United States that no person who is not a citizen shall be permitted or granted the right to vote in any taxpayer-funded election for public office held by or in the United States or any State.

No State shall permit any person who is not a citizen of the United States to vote in any election for Federal office held in the State.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a State may not use any funds provided by the Federal Government directly for election administration purposes unless the State certifies to the Election Assistance Commission that the State does not permit any person who is not a citizen of the United States to vote in any election for State or local office or any ballot initiative or referendum held in the State.

Not later than 90 days after the enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, shall conduct a review and issue a classified report to the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence which makes a determination whether increased intelligence sharing with Ukraine relating to the Russian Federation, Belarus, China, North Korea, or any other entity the Director of National Intelligence determines appropriate for purposes of this section, improves the security of the United States and the allies and partners of the United States.

This title may be cited as the Election Day Act.

Section 6103(a) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to Columbus Day the following: Election Day.

Section 11101(e) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (23 U.S.C. 101 note) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2) by adding at the end the following:

The term veteran-owned small business concern has the meaning given the term small business concern owned and controlled by veterans in section 3(q) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632(q)).

(2) in paragraph (3) by inserting and veteran-owned small business concerns before the period at the end; and

(3) in paragraph (4)(B)—

(A) in clause (ii) by striking and at the end;

(B) in clause (iii) by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(iv) veterans.

This title may be cited as the Protecting VA Employees Act.

Section 714 of title 38, United States Code, is amended—

(A) by striking subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), and (g);

(B) by redesignating subsections (e), (f), and (h) as subsections (a), (b), and (c), respectively;

(C) in subsection (a), as so redesignated, by striking under subsection (a) each place it appears; and

(D) in subsection (c), as so redesignated—

(i) by striking paragraphs (3) and (4); and

(ii) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively.

Section 4303(f) of title 5, United States Code, is amended—

(A) in paragraph (2), by striking the comma at the end and inserting, or;

(B) in paragraph (3), by striking, or and inserting a period; and

(C) by striking paragraph (4).

Chapter 7 of title 38, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in section 719, by striking under section 713, 714, or 7461 of this title each place it appears and inserting under section 713 or 7461 of this title;

(2) in section 714, as amended by subsection (a), by striking the section heading and inserting Protections for whistleblowers from removal, demotion, and suspension;

(3) by redesignating section 714 as section 734;

(4) by transferring section 734, as so redesignated, so as to appear after section 733; and

(5) in the table of sections—

(A) by striking the item relating to section 714; and

(B) by inserting after the item relating to section 733 the following new item:

The following provisions of title 38, United States Code, are each amended to read as such provisions read on the day before the date of the enactment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Accountability and Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–41):

(1) Section 7461(b).

(2) Section 7462(b).

(3) Section 7463(c).