Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024

Section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (8)—

(A) in subparagraph (B), by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(C) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking The term effective reference price, with respect to a covered commodity for a crop year, and inserting the following:

The term effective reference price, with respect to a covered commodity for any of the 2019 through 2024 crop years,

(C) ; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

The term effective reference price, with respect to a covered commodity for any of the 2025 through 2029 crop years, means the lesser of the following:

(i) An amount equal to 115 percent of the reference price for such covered commodity.

(ii) An amount equal to the greater of—

(I) the reference price for such covered commodity; or

(II) 85 percent of the average of the marketing year average price of the covered commodity for the most recent 5 crop years.

(D) ; and

(2) in paragraph (19)—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (O) as clauses (i) through (xv), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking The term and all that follows through the following: and inserting the following:

The term reference price, with respect to a covered commodity for each of crop years 2019 through 2023, means the following:

(B) ; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

The term reference price, with respect to a covered commodity for each of crop years 2024 through 2029, means the following:

(i) For wheat, $5.78 per bushel.

(ii) For corn, $3.89 per bushel.

(iii) For grain sorghum, $4.15 per bushel.

(iv) For barley, $5.20 per bushel.

(v) For oats, $2.52 per bushel.

(vi) For long grain rice, $14.70 per hundredweight.

(vii) For medium grain rice, $14.70 per hundredweight.

(viii) For soybeans, $8.82 per bushel.

(ix) For other oilseeds, $21.16 per hundredweight.

(x) For peanuts, $561.75 per ton.

(xi) For dry peas, $11.55 per hundredweight.

(xii) For lentils, $20.97 per hundredweight.

(xiii) For small chickpeas, $19.99 per hundredweight.

(xiv) For large chickpeas, $22.62 per hundredweight.

(xv) For seed cotton, $0.385 per pound.

Section 1112 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9012) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as subsections (c) through (e), respectively;

(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:

In this subsection, the term underserved farmer of covered commodities means an underserved producer (as defined in section 508(a)(7)(A) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(7)(A))) or a limited resource or economically distressed farmer (as determined by the Secretary) of 1 or more covered commodities.

As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall provide a 1-time opportunity for an underserved farmer of covered commodities to increase base acres on a farm if—

(A) the underserved farmer of covered commodities—

(i) is an operator on the farm and provides a significant contribution of active personal labor on the farm, as determined by the Secretary; or

(ii) has a significant ownership share of the farm or a business producing covered commodities on the farm, as determined by the Secretary; and

(B) the average number of acres on the farm planted or prevented from planting as described in subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, of paragraph (3)(A)(i) to covered commodities during the 2018 through 2022 crop years is greater than the number of base acres on the farm.

Subject to subparagraph (B), the number of base acres added to a farm under paragraph (2) shall be equal to the difference between—

(i) the sum obtained by adding—

(I) the 5-year average of the acreage planted on the farm to all covered commodities for harvest, grazing, haying, silage, or other similar purposes for the 2018 through 2022 crop years, according to records submitted to the Farm Service Agency or the Risk Management Agency; and

(II) the 5-year average of any acreage on the farm that was prevented from planting to 1 or more covered commodities during the 2018 through 2022 crop years because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary, according to records submitted to the Farm Service Agency or the Risk Management Agency; and

(ii) the number of base acres for covered commodities on the farm.

Not more than 160 base acres shall be added to any farm under paragraph (2).

The Secretary shall ensure that producers on a farm do not reconstitute the farm for the purpose of increasing the number of base acres added to the farm under paragraph (2).

Base acres added to a farm under paragraph (2) shall be added to the base acreage of each covered commodity on the farm in the proportion that—

(i) the acreage planted or prevented from planting to the covered commodity on the farm; bears to

(ii) the acreage planted or prevented from planting to all covered commodities on the farm.

If an underserved farmer of covered commodities on a farm for which base acres have been increased under paragraph (2) does not own or operate the farm for any of the 2025 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall reduce the number of base acres on the farm eligible for payment for that crop year by the number of base acres added to the farm under paragraph (2), in the same proportion among covered commodities on the farm described in paragraph (3)(C).

(3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting and any addition of base acres under subsection (b) after subsection (a);

(4) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting and any addition of base acres under subsection (b) after subsection (a); and

(B) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking subsection (b)(1)(C) and inserting subsection (c)(1)(C); and

(5) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (3)(A), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 1113 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9013) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through In the case in paragraph (4) and inserting the following:

In the case

(1) ; and

(2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:

In the case of a covered commodity on a farm for which base acres have been established, if no payment yield is otherwise established for the covered commodity on the farm, the payment yield shall be equal to the greater of—

(1) 90 percent of the average of the yield per planted acre for the crop of covered commodities on the farm for the most recent 5 crop years, as determined by the Secretary, excluding any crop year in which the acreage planted to the covered commodity was zero; and

(2) the payment yields applicable to that covered commodity for similarly situated farms, as determined by the Secretary.

Section 1114 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9014) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking In the case and inserting Effective for the 2014 through 2018 crop years, in the case;

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking With respect to and inserting Effective for the 2014 through 2018 crop years, with respect to; and

(C) in paragraph (3), by striking When generic base acres and inserting Effective for the 2014 through 2018 crop years, when generic base acres; and

(2) in subsection (e)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting, fava beans, after mung beans; and

(B) in paragraph (5), by inserting, fava beans, after mung beans.

Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9015) is amended by adding at the end the following:

For the 2025 crop year and each crop year thereafter, the elected coverage in effect under this section for the previous crop year shall apply to a farm until a crop year for which an election change is made with respect to the farm under subsection (h).

If the producers on the farm elected price loss coverage under section 1116 or agriculture risk coverage under section 1117(b)(1), or were deemed to have elected such coverage, for the 2023 and 2024 crops years, notwithstanding such election, the producers on the farm shall be deemed to have elected the coverage with the higher payment rate for each of the 2023 and 2024 crop years.

Section 1116 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking make the election and all that follows through subsection (c)(2) of such section, and inserting have elected or have been deemed to have elected price loss coverage under section 1115,; and

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029;

(2) in subsection (c)(1)—

(A) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) in the subparagraph heading, by striking 2023 and inserting 2024; and

(ii) by striking 2023 and inserting 2024; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

For the 2025 through 2029 crop years, the payment rate shall be equal to the lesser of—

(i) the difference between—

(I) the effective reference price for the covered commodity; and

(II) the effective price determined under subsection (b) for the covered commodity; and

(ii) 15 percent of the effective reference price.

(3) in subsection (d)—

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated)—

(i) by striking 2024 and inserting 2029; and

(ii) by striking If price loss coverage and inserting the following:

If price loss coverage

(ii) ; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

For the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall make an appropriate adjustment in the price loss coverage payment amount determined under paragraph (1) by subtracting from the payment amount any portion of the payment amount that would have been included in subparagraph (A)(i)(II)(cc), (B)(i)(II)(cc), (C)(i)(I)(bb)(BB), or (C)(ii)(I)(bb) of section 1503(e)(1) but for the timing of the price loss coverage payment.

(C) ; and

(4) in subsection (e)—

(A) by striking If the Secretary and inserting the following:

Subject to paragraph (2), if the Secretary

(A) ; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

If, before the end of the 12-month marketing year for a covered commodity for any of the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary projects that price loss coverage payments will be required for the crop of the covered commodity, the Secretary shall give producers on a farm the option to receive partial payments of the price loss coverage payments to be made for that crop of the covered commodity.

When the Secretary makes partial payments available under subparagraph (A) for a covered commodity, the partial payment shall be made beginning February 1, or as soon as practicable thereafter, after the beginning of the applicable marketing year for the covered commodity.

The partial payments under subparagraph (A) to the producers on a farm may not exceed 50 percent of the projected price loss coverage payment for the covered commodity for the crop year, as determined by the Secretary.

The producers on a farm that receive a partial payment under subparagraph (A) for a crop year shall repay to the Secretary the amount, if any, by which the partial payments received by the producers on a farm exceed the actual price loss coverage payments to be made for the covered commodity for that crop year.

Section 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9017) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1)—

(A) by striking make the election under section 1115(a) to obtain agriculture risk coverage, and inserting have elected or have been deemed to have elected agriculture risk coverage under section 1115,; and

(B) by striking years or the 2019 through 2023 crop years, and inserting years, the 2019 through 2023 crop years, or the 2024 through 2029 crop years,;

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking The agriculture and inserting the following:

For the 2014 through 2023 crop years, the agriculture

(i) ; and

(ii) by adding at the end the following:

For the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the agriculture risk coverage guarantee for a crop year for a covered commodity shall equal 88 percent of the benchmark revenue.

(B) in paragraph (3)(C), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029;

(C) in paragraph (4)(B)—

(i) in the subparagraph heading, by striking 2023 and inserting 2029; and

(ii) by striking 2023 and inserting 2029; and

(D) in paragraph (6)(B), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029;

(3) in subsection (d)(1), by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:

(i) for the 2014 through 2023 crop years, 10 percent of the benchmark revenue for the applicable crop year; or

(ii) for the 2024 and subsequent crop years, 12.5 percent of the benchmark revenue for the applicable crop year.

(4) in subsection (e)—

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated)—

(i) by striking 2023 and inserting 2029; and

(ii) by striking If agriculture risk coverage and inserting the following:

If agriculture risk coverage

(ii) ; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

For the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall make an appropriate adjustment in the agriculture risk coverage payment amount determined under paragraph (1) by subtracting from the payment amount any portion of the payment amount that would have been included in subparagraph (A)(i)(II)(cc), (B)(i)(II)(cc), (C)(i)(I)(bb)(BB), or (C)(ii)(I)(bb) of section 1503(e)(1) but for the timing of the agriculture risk coverage payment.

(5) in subsection (f)—

(A) by striking If the Secretary and inserting the following:

Subject to paragraph (2), if the Secretary

(A) ; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

If, before the end of the 12-month marketing year for a covered commodity for any of the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary projects that agriculture risk coverage payments will be required for the crop of the covered commodity, the Secretary shall give producers on a farm the option to receive partial payments of the agriculture risk coverage payments to be made for that crop of the covered commodity.

When the Secretary makes partial payments available under subparagraph (A) for a covered commodity, the partial payment shall be made beginning February 1, or as soon as practicable thereafter, after the beginning of the applicable marketing year for the covered commodity.

The partial payments under subparagraph (A) to the producers on a farm may not exceed 50 percent of the projected agriculture risk coverage payment for the covered commodity for the crop year, as determined by the Secretary.

The producers on a farm that receive a partial payment under subparagraph (A) for a crop year shall repay to the Secretary the amount, if any, by which the partial payments received by the producers on a farm exceed the actual agriculture risk coverage payments to be made for the covered commodity for that crop year.

(6) in subsection (g)(5), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029; and

(7) in subsection (i)(5), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 1202 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9032) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking 2023 and inserting 2024; and

(B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 2023 and inserting 2024;

(2) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively; and

(3) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:

Beginning with the 2025 crop year, the Secretary shall establish a loan rate for a marketing assistance loan under section 1201 for a loan commodity equal to the lesser of—

(1) an amount equal to 110 percent of the loan rate for the loan commodity described in subsection (b); and

(2) an amount equal to the greater of—

(A) the loan rate for the loan commodity described in subsection (b); and

(B) the sum obtained by adding—

(i) the loan rate for the loan commodity described in subsection (b); and

(ii) the product obtained by multiplying—

(I) the loan rate for the loan commodity described in subsection (b); and

(II) using data calculated and published by the Economic Research Service in the annual Farm Sector Income Forecast as first released for the applicable crop year, the quotient obtained by dividing—

(aa) the difference between—

(AA) the forecasted crop input expenses (including interest, labor, property taxes, seed, fertilizer and lime, fuel, oil, electricity, pesticides, and net rent to landowners) for the applicable crop year; and

(BB) the average of the crop input expenses for the 5-year period immediately preceding the applicable crop year; by

(bb) the average of the crop input expenses described in item (aa)(AA) for the 5-year period immediately preceding the applicable crop year.

Section 1204(h)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034(h)(1)) is amended by striking (a)(20) or (b)(20), and inserting (a)(20), (b)(20), or (c),.

Section 1207(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9037(c)(2)) is amended—

(1) by striking Effective beginning on August 1, 2013, and inserting the following:

Effective during the period beginning on August 1, 2013, and ending on July 31, 2025,

(1) ; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

Effective beginning on August 1, 2025, the value of the assistance provided under paragraph (1) shall be 4 cents per pound.

Section 1201(b)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9031(b)(1)) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is amended—

(1) in subsection (e)(2)(B), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 2024 and inserting 2030; and

(2) in subsection (g), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 1205(a)(2)(B) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9035(a)(2)(B)) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 1206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9036) is amended by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2029.

Section 1208(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9038(a)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 2024 and inserting 2029.

Section 1209 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9039) is amended by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2029.

Section 156(a) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272(a)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (4), by striking and at the end;

(B) in paragraph (5), by striking 2023 crop years. and inserting 2024 crop years; and; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(6) 24.0 cents per pound for raw cane sugar for each of the 2025 through 2029 crop years.

Section 156(b) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272(b)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking and at the end;

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking 2023 crop years. and inserting 2024 crop years; and; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(3) a rate that is equal to 136.5 percent of the loan rate per pound of raw cane sugar for the applicable crop year under subsection (a) for each of the 2025 through 2029 crop years.

Section 156(i) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272(i)) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 167 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7287) is amended—

(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the 2025 crop year and each crop year thereafter, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall establish rates for the storage of forfeited sugar in an amount that is not less than—

(1) in the case of refined sugar, 34 cents per hundredweight per month; and

(2) in the case of raw cane sugar, 27 cents per hundredweight per month.

(1) ; and

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking Subsequent and inserting Prior; and

(B) by striking and subsequent and inserting through 2024.

Section 359b(a)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359bb(a)(1)) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 359c(g)(2) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359cc(g)(2)) is amended—

(A) by striking In the case and inserting the following:

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the case

(A) ; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

If the Secretary makes an upward adjustment under paragraph (1)(A), in adjusting allocations among beet sugar processors, the Secretary shall give priority to beet sugar processors with available sugar.

Section 359e(b)(2) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ee(b)(2)) is amended—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (C) as clauses (i) through (iii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking If the Secretary and inserting the following:

If the Secretary

(B) ; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall—

(i) make an initial determination following publication of the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board for January that shall be applicable to the crop year for which allotments are required; and

(ii) provide for any reassignment under subparagraph (A)(i) not later than 30 days after the date on which the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates described in clause (i) is released.

Section 359k of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359kk) is amended—

(A) in subsection (b)(1)—

(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately; and

(ii) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking Before April 1 and inserting the following:

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall not increase the tariff-rate quota for raw cane sugar before April 1 of each fiscal year.

Before April 1

(ii) ; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

Subject to paragraph (2), before March 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall reallocate any forecasted shortfall in the fulfillment of the tariff-rate quotas for raw cane sugar established under subsection (a)(1) for the fiscal year.

Paragraph (1) shall cease to be in effect if—

(A) the Agreement Suspending the Countervailing Duty Investigation on Sugar from Mexico, signed December 19, 2014, is terminated; and

(B) no countervailing duty order under subtitle A of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.) is in effect with respect to sugar from Mexico.

Section 359l(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ll(a)) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 1401 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9051) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting premium and supreme before alfalfa;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (10) as paragraphs (5) through (11), respectively; and

(3) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:

The term covered production means the covered production elected by a participating dairy operation under section 1406(a)(2).

Section 1402(a)(3) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9052(a)(3)) is amended by inserting premium and supreme before alfalfa each place it appears.

Section 1404(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9054(b)) is amended—

(1) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting the following:

For the 2025 calendar year, the Secretary shall—

(A) open the election period not later than March 2, 2025; and

(B) hold that election period open for not less than 90 days.

(1) ; and

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively.

Section 1405 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055) is amended—

(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:

Subject to subsections (c) and (d), with respect to a dairy operation that was in operation for at least 1 of the full 2021, 2022, and 2023 calendar years, the production history of the dairy operation for dairy margin coverage shall be equal to the highest annual milk marketings of the participating dairy operation during any 1 of the 2021, 2022, and 2023 calendar years.

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking In the case and inserting Subject to subsections (c) and (d), in the case;

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by striking In the case and inserting Subject to subsections (c) and (d), in the case;

(ii) by striking prior to January 1, 2014, and inserting for at least 1 of the full 2021, 2022, and 2023 calendar years,; and

(iii) by inserting beginning after December 31, 2023, after 1 calendar year; and

(C) by striking paragraph (3);

(3) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (e) and (f), respectively; and

(4) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:

The Secretary shall adjust the production history of a participating dairy operation determined under subsection (a) or (b) to reflect any increase in the national average milk production relative to the calendar year used to establish the production history of the participating dairy operation.

A production history established for a dairy operation under subsection (a) or (b) shall be the base production history for the dairy operation in subsequent years (as adjusted under subsection (c)).

Section 1406(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9056(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking under paragraph (2); and

(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking 5,000,000 each place it appears and inserting 6,000,000; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking annually elect and inserting establish the covered production by annually electing.

Section 1407 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking 5,000,000 pounds of production and inserting 6,000,000 pounds of covered production;

(B) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking 5,000,000 and inserting 6,000,000; and

(ii) by striking production history and inserting covered production; and

(C) in paragraph (2), by striking subsection (g) and inserting subsection (f);

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking production in excess of 5,000,000 and inserting covered production in excess of 6,000,000;

(B) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking 5,000,000 and inserting 6,000,000; and

(ii) by striking production history and inserting covered production; and

(C) in paragraph (2), by striking subsection (g) and inserting subsection (f);

(3) by striking subsection (f);

(4) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (f); and

(5) in subsection (f) (as so redesignated)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking 2019 through 2023 and inserting 2025 through 2029; and

(ii) by striking 2019. and inserting 2025.; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2029.

Section 1409 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9059) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

The amendments made by this section shall take effect on January 1, 2025.

Section 1431 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9071) is amended—

(1) in the section heading by striking Milk and inserting Dairy products;

(2) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:

(B) incurs expenses in donating eligible dairy products.

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking milk and inserting dairy products to recipient individuals and families;

(C) striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:

The term eligible dairy product means a product primarily made from milk, including fluid milk, that is produced and processed in the United States.

(D) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs (3) and (2), respectively, and moving the paragraphs so as to appear in numerical order; and

(E) by striking paragraph (5);

(3) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 and inserting Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024; and

(ii) by striking milk and inserting dairy products; and

(B) in paragraph (1), by striking milk and inserting dairy products;

(4) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking milk; and inserting dairy products; and; and

(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and inserting the following:

(B) describes whether an emergency or disaster was a substantial factor in the submission, including—

(i) a declared or renewed public health emergency under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d); and

(ii) a disaster designated by the Secretary.

(ii) ; and

(B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:

Not later than 15 days after receiving a donation and distribution plan under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—

(i) review the donation and distribution plan; and

(ii) issue an approval or disapproval of the donation and distribution plan.

In approving and disapproving donation and distribution plans under subparagraph (A)(ii), the Secretary shall give priority to plans for which an emergency or disaster was a substantial factor in the submission, as described under paragraph (1)(B).

(5) in subsection (d)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking a participating partnership and inserting an eligible partnership for which the Secretary has approved a donation and distribution plan under subsection (c)(2)(A)(ii); and

(ii) by striking qualified expenses described in subsection (e) and inserting expenses incurred in donating eligible dairy products;

(B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking to demonstrate and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following:

(B) to demonstrate—

(i) the production of the eligible dairy products; and

(ii) the donation of the eligible dairy products to an eligible distributor.

(C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4);

(D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

The Secretary—

(A) shall set the price for a reimbursement under paragraph (1) at a value that—

(i) is representative of the cost of the milk required to produce the eligible dairy product;

(ii) is between the lowest and highest of the classes I, II, III, and IV milk prices on the date of the production of the eligible dairy product;

(iii) is sufficient to reduce food waste; and

(iv) will not interfere with the commercial marketing of milk or dairy products; and

(B) may set appropriate reimbursement prices under subparagraph (A) for different eligible dairy products by class and region for the purpose of—

(i) encouraging the donation of surplus eligible dairy products;

(ii) facilitating the orderly marketing of milk;

(iii) reducing volatility relating to significant market disruptions;

(iv) maintaining traditional price relationships between classes of milk; or

(v) stabilizing on-farm milk prices.

(D) ; and

(E) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking participating partnership and inserting eligible partnership described in paragraph (1);

(6) by striking subsections (e) and (f);

(7) by redesignating subsections (g), (h), (i), and (j) as subsections (e), (f), (g), and (i), respectively;

(8) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (1), by striking milk and inserting dairy products; and

(9) by inserting after subsection (g) (as so redesignated) the following:

The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service, shall publish on the publicly accessible website of the Agricultural Marketing Service periodic reports describing donation activity under this section.

The heading for part III of subtitle D of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–79; 128 Stat. 695; 132 Stat. 4519) is amended by striking Milk and inserting Dairy products.

Section 1502(e) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8772(e)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking September 30, 2023 and inserting December 31, 2029; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking September 30, 2027 and inserting December 31, 2034.

Section 3 of Public Law 90–484 (7 U.S.C. 4553) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 113(e)(2) of the Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4504(e)(2)) is amended, in the second sentence, by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 7407(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 5925c(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2), by striking and at the end;

(2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

(4) with respect to the collection and reporting of data on the production and marketing of organic dairy products—

(A) collect and publish cost-of-production data for organic milk, through support from regional and national programs, including regularly reported data relating to—

(i) the costs of major organic feedstuffs, including—

(I) the prices for major organic feedstuffs produced domestically; and

(II) the prices for imported major organic feedstuffs; and

(ii) all other costs relating to the production of organic milk;

(B) establish an Organic All Milk Prices Survey conducted by the National Agricultural Statistics Service for the purpose of gathering and reporting monthly data relating to the prices organic dairy farmers are paid for organic milk and prices received for organic dairy cows, including—

(i) national data; and

(ii) data relating to, at a minimum, the 6 regions with the greatest quantity of organic dairy production; and

(C) periodically report on organic milk, under which the Secretary, using data collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service, the Economic Research Service, or the Agricultural Marketing Service, shall publish periodic reports relating to data for organic milk, which shall be equivalent to data reported for conventionally produced milk.

Section 273 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1637b) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)(1)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking and at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(C) for each manufacturer required to report under subparagraph (A) for any product, require that manufacturer to report production cost and product yield information, as determined by the Secretary, for all products processed in the same facility or facilities; and

(D) require any manufacturer of such other dairy products as determined by the Secretary to report production cost and product yield information in the same manner as under subparagraph (C), for the purpose of providing information for the regulatory or administrative establishment of pricing rules.

(C) ; and

(2) in subsection (d)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking Electronic reporting and inserting Reporting;

(B) in paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking this section each place it appears and inserting subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (b)(1); and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall publish a report containing the information obtained under subparagraphs (C) and (D) of subsection (b)(1).

Section 1501 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (2)(B)—

(i) by redesignating clauses (iii) through (v) as clauses (iv) through (vi), respectively; and

(ii) by inserting after clause (ii) the following:

(iii) an alien who has applied for employment authorization and is authorized to accept employment pursuant to section 274a.12(c)(33) of title 8, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation);

(ii) ; and

(B) in paragraph (4)(G), by striking livestock, and inserting livestock (including unweaned livestock),;

(2) by striking the section designation and heading and all that follows through section: in the matter preceding paragraph (1) of subsection (a) and inserting the following:

In this subtitle:

(2) ; and

(3) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection designation and heading and inserting the following:

(1) Subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.) is amended, in the subtitle heading, by inserting and emergency after supplemental.

(2) Section 1502 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (as designated by subsection (a)(3)) is amended—

(A) by redesignating subsections (c) through (f) as subsections (b) through (e), respectively;

(B) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (1), by striking subsection (b) or (c) and inserting subsection (a) or (b); and

(C) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (2), by striking subsection (c) and inserting subsection (b).

(3) Section 12512(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 5856(b)) is amended—

(A) by striking 1501(c) and inserting 1502(b); and

(B) by striking (7 U.S.C. 9081(c)).

Section 1502(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (as designated by section 1501(a)(3)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting during the time of the year that the livestock death losses occurred after normal mortality;

(2) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:

Indemnity payments to an eligible producer on a farm under paragraph (1) shall be made at a rate of the applicable percentage described in subparagraph (B) of the market value of the affected livestock, as determined under subparagraph (C), on, as applicable—

(i) the day before the date of death of the livestock; or

(ii) the day before the date of the event that caused the harm to the livestock that resulted in a reduced sale price.

The percentage referred to in subparagraph (A) is—

(i) in the case of a payment under paragraph (1)(A), 100 percent; or

(ii) in the case of a payment under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1), 75 percent.

The Secretary shall determine the market value of the affected livestock under subparagraph (A)—

(i) in consultation with the Agricultural Marketing Service; and

(ii) based on quarterly estimates of market values.

(2) ; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

For the purposes of establishing weight categories to carry out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall establish categories with weights not less than those described in section 1416.302 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this paragraph), with respect to livestock described in section 1501(4)(A).

In determining honey bee normal mortality, the Secretary shall not include losses caused by colony collapse disorder.

Section 1502(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (as designated by section 1501(b)(2)(A)) is amended by striking reduce losses and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “reduce—

(A) losses caused by feed or water shortages (including, in the case of drought, transportation costs for feed, water, livestock, and honey bees), disease, or other factors, as determined by the Secretary, including inspections of cattle tick fever; and

(B) winter stockpile grazing losses.

Section 1502(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (as designated by section 1501(b)(2)(A)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting or biennial after annual;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting or pest after insect; and

(C) in subparagraph (D), by striking bush, and vine and inserting a bush, a vine, and any other fruit-producing crop that is not planted on an annual basis, as determined by the Secretary;

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting carry out this subsection and before provide; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking 15 percent (adjusted for normal mortality) and inserting normal mortality;

(3) in paragraph (3)—

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking (4) and (5) and inserting (4), (5), and (6);

(B) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking 15 percent mortality (adjusted for normal mortality) and inserting normal mortality; and

(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking 15 percent damage or mortality (adjusted for normal tree damage and mortality) and inserting normal tree damage or mortality; and

(4) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:

Subject to paragraph (4), in the case of a covered producer, the Secretary shall provide reimbursement of 75 percent of the costs under subparagraphs (A)(i) and (B) of paragraph (3).

An eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower shall agree, as a condition on receipt of assistance under this subsection, to carry out any replacement and rehabilitation activities for which such assistance is provided not later than—

(A) 2 years after the receipt of such assistance; or

(B) if the period specified in subparagraph (A) is not adequate, such time as is determined by the Secretary.

An eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower receiving assistance under this subsection with respect to tree loss may, with the approval of the Secretary, use such assistance to replant using—

(i) an alternative variety from the variety used prior to the loss;

(ii) an alternative crop from the crop planted prior to the loss;

(iii) an alternative stand density from the stand density used prior to the loss; and

(iv) an alternative location from the location used prior to the loss.

The assistance provided by the Secretary to eligible orchardists and nursery tree growers—

(i) for a use described in subparagraph (A)(i) shall be in an amount that is not greater than the amount the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower replanted using the variety lost;

(ii) for a use described in subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be in an amount that is not greater than the amount the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower replanted using the crop lost;

(iii) for a use described in subparagraph (A)(iii) shall be in an amount that is not greater than the amount the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower replanted using the stand density lost; and

(iv) for a use described in subparagraph (A)(iv) shall be in an amount that is not greater than the amount the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower replanted in the location in which the loss occurred.

Subtitle E of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.) (as amended by section 1501(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

In this section:

The term covered crop means crops, trees, bushes, and vines.

The term disaster means—

(A) a natural disaster designated by the Secretary under section 321(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1961(a));

(B) a major disaster or emergency designated by the President under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.);

(C) a quarantine imposed by the Secretary under the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.) or the animal quarantine laws (as defined in section 2509(f) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (21 U.S.C. 136a(f)));

(D) a physical loss notification by the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency under section 759.6(a)(2) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation); or

(E) any other disruption outside of the control of an eligible producer on a farm that results in a significant loss of production or revenue, as determined by the Secretary.

The term expected crop revenue means—

(A) in the case of covered crops insured under Federal Crop Insurance—

(i) the revenue used to calculate the liability for the Federal Crop Insurance; or

(ii) a higher amount, as determined by the Secretary, to reflect costs of production that exceed the insured value of the covered crop;

(B) in the case of covered crops covered under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program—

(i) the revenue used to calculate the liability for the coverage; or

(ii) a higher amount, as determined by the Secretary, to reflect costs of production that exceed the coverage for the covered crop; and

(C) in the case of covered crops that are neither insured under Federal Crop Insurance nor covered under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program, the expected revenue for the covered crop, as determined by the Secretary, which the Secretary may adjust to reflect costs of production that exceed the expected revenue for the covered crop.

The term Federal Crop Insurance means any crop insurance program, policy, or plan of insurance under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.).

The term net crop insurance indemnity means the difference between—

(A) the indemnity paid to an eligible producer on a farm under Federal Crop Insurance; and

(B) the cost to the eligible producer on a farm for that Federal Crop Insurance.

The term net noninsured crop disaster assistance program payment means the difference between—

(A) the payment received by an eligible producer on a farm for coverage under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program; and

(B) the cost to the eligible producer on a farm for that coverage.

The term Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program means the program under section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333).

The term qualified loss means a production or value loss in a covered crop incurred by an eligible producer on a farm as a consequence of a disaster.

The term qualified loss includes—

(i) a loss incurred by an eligible producer on a farm as a result of being prevented from planting a crop due to a disaster;

(ii) a loss in the quality of a crop, trees, bushes, or vines due to a disaster; and

(iii) a loss in the quality of a crop (including wine grapes), trees, bushes, or vines due to smoke exposure from a wildfire.

The Secretary shall establish a program under which the Secretary shall provide payments during each crop year to eligible producers on farms that experienced a qualified loss during the crop year.

To be eligible to receive a payment under this section for a crop year, an eligible producer on a farm shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require, including a description of each qualified loss incurred by the eligible producer on a farm during the crop year.

The Secretary shall approve an application submitted by an eligible producer on a farm under paragraph (1) if the application demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the eligible producer on a farm has incurred a qualified loss during the applicable crop year.

The Secretary shall provide to each eligible producer on a farm the application of whom is approved under subsection (c)(2) a payment for the applicable crop year, in accordance with subsection (e).

As a condition of receiving a payment under this section, an eligible producer on a farm shall purchase, for each of the 2 succeeding crop years for each crop for which the eligible producer on a farm received a payment—

(A) Federal Crop Insurance, if available; or

(B) if Federal Crop Insurance is not available, coverage under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program.

Subject to paragraph (2) and subsection (f), the amount of a payment provided to an eligible producer on a farm under subsection (d)(1) shall be equal to—

(A) in the case of a covered crop insured under Federal Crop Insurance, the product obtained by multiplying—

(i) the difference between—

(I) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of 95 percent of the expected crop revenue for the covered crop for the crop year; and

(II) the sum obtained by adding—

(aa) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of the actual revenue for the covered crop for the crop year;

(bb) the net crop insurance indemnity;

(cc) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle A with respect to the base acres on which the covered crop was planted or prevented from being planted;

(dd) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm or on behalf of the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle B with respect to the covered crop for the crop year; and

(ee) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under section 1502 for the crop for the crop year; by

(ii) in the case of a Federal Crop Insurance coverage level purchased by the eligible producer on a farm that is—

(I) catastrophic coverage, 75 percent;

(II) more than catastrophic coverage and less than 55 percent coverage, 80 percent;

(III) not less than 55 percent coverage and less than 60 percent coverage, 82.5 percent;

(IV) not less than 60 percent coverage and less than 65 percent coverage, 85 percent;

(V) not less than 65 percent coverage and less than 70 percent coverage, 87.5 percent;

(VI) not less than 70 percent coverage and less than 75 percent coverage, 90 percent;

(VII) not less than 75 percent coverage and less than 80 percent coverage, 92.5 percent; or

(VIII) not less than 80 percent coverage, 95 percent;

(B) in the case of a covered crop covered under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program, the product obtained by multiplying—

(i) the difference between—

(I) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of 95 percent of the expected crop revenue for the covered crop for the crop year; and

(II) the sum obtained by adding—

(aa) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of the actual revenue for the covered crop for the crop year;

(bb) the net noninsured crop disaster assistance program payment;

(cc) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle A with respect to the base acres on which the covered crop was planted or prevented from being planted;

(dd) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm or on behalf of the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle B with respect to the covered crop for the crop year; and

(ee) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under section 1502 for the crop for the crop year; by

(ii) in the case of a Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program coverage level purchased by the eligible producer on a farm that is—

(I) catastrophic coverage, 75 percent;

(II) more than catastrophic coverage and less than 60 percent coverage, 80 percent;

(III) not less than 60 percent coverage and less than 70 percent coverage, 85 percent;

(IV) not less than 70 percent coverage and less than 75 percent coverage, 90 percent; or

(V) not less than 75 percent coverage, 95 percent; or

(C) in the case of a covered crop that is neither insured under Federal Crop Insurance nor covered under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program—

(i) subject to clause (ii), the product obtained by multiplying—

(I) the difference between—

(aa) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of 95 percent of the expected crop revenue for the covered crop for the crop year; and

(bb) the sum obtained by adding—

(AA) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of the actual revenue for the covered crop for the crop year;

(BB) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle A with respect to the base acres on which the covered commodity was planted or prevented from being planted;

(CC) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm or on behalf of the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle B with respect to the covered crop for the crop year; and

(DD) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under section 1502 for the crop for the crop year; by

(II) 70 percent; or

(ii) if the eligible producer on a farm is in an area that is not adequately served (as defined in section 508(a)(7)(A) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(7)(A))) or is an underserved producer (as defined in that section), the product obtained by multiplying—

(I) the sum obtained by adding—

(aa) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of the actual revenue for the covered crop for the crop year;

(bb) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle A with respect to the base acres on which the covered crop was planted or prevented from being planted;

(cc) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm or on behalf of the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle B with respect to the covered crop for the crop year; and

(dd) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under section 1502 for the crop for the crop year; by

(II) 75 percent.

In the case of a producer of wine grapes that uses not less than 75 percent of the grapes to produce wine at a facility owned by the producer, the amount of a payment provided to the producer under subsection (d)(1) shall be calculated under paragraph (1) based on the market rate for wine grapes at the time of calculation, in lieu of the revenue of the producer.

For each crop year—

Subject to paragraph (2), an eligible producer on a farm may receive payments under subsection (d)(1) in an amount equal to not more than—

(A) $500,000 for the specialty covered crops and high-value covered crops of the eligible producer on a farm, as determined by the Secretary; and

(B) $250,000 for the covered crops of the eligible producer on a farm not described in subparagraph (A).

If the amount made available to make payments under subsection (d)(1) for a crop year is insufficient to pay all eligible producers on farms that are eligible for payments under that subsection the amount calculated under subsection (e), as limited by paragraph (1), the Secretary shall reduce the limitations described in that paragraph in a manner such that the maximum number of those eligible producers on farms receive 100 percent of the amount calculated under subsection (e).

The Secretary shall—

(1) estimate the percentage of qualified losses that will be paid from the amount made available to make payments under subsection (d)(1) for a crop year;

(2) using the estimate under paragraph (1), provide partial payments as soon as practicable after receipt and approval of an application under subsection (c); and

(3) make final payments under subsection (d)(1) for the crop year as soon as practicable after all applications submitted under subsection (c) have been approved, modified, or rejected.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

Of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, the Secretary may use not more than 1 percent to pay the administrative costs of the Secretary.

Section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(1)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)—

(i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting or whole farm revenue in accordance with clause (ii) before equivalent to;

(ii) in clause (ii), by striking 65 and inserting 75;

(iii) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(iv) in the matter preceding subclause (I) (as so redesignated), by striking In the case and inserting the following:

In the case

(iv) ; and

(v) by adding at the end the following:

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall provide the option for a beginning farmer or rancher (as defined in section 502(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b))), during the first 5 years of operation of a farm or ranch, to purchase coverage under the program under this section for the revenue of the entire farming or ranching operation, similar to whole farm revenue protection and micro farm.

Under the coverage provided under subclause (I), the Secretary—

(aa) shall prioritize the use of farm or ranch revenue projections from a business plan acceptable to the lender of the beginning farmer or rancher; and

(bb) may use to establish a revenue guarantee alternative sources of information that the Secretary determines to be sufficient for establishing a revenue guarantee under a whole farm revenue or micro farm plan of insurance in accordance with subsection (b)(4)(C), such as—

(AA) financial records of the prior operator;

(BB) production contracts and records; and

(CC) other sources, as determined by the Secretary.

A producer that obtains coverage provided under subclause (I) shall be ineligible to purchase a whole farm revenue protection or micro farm policy through the Federal crop insurance program to cover the same risk.

(v) ; and

(B) in subparagraph (C)—

(i) by striking program that— in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through best facilitates in clause (i) and inserting the following:

(i) program—

(i) to best facilitate

(ii) in clause (i), by striking and at the end;

(iii) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iv);

(iv) by inserting after clause (i) the following:

(ii) to ensure that the data are transferred by the Farm Service Agency and processed by the Risk Management Agency for the purpose of facilitating the use of historical production records for Federal crop insurance policies;

(iii) to ensure that the data are available in a non-personally-identifiable format consistent with section 502(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(c)) to private developers of Federal crop insurance policies for the purpose of creating new Federal crop insurance policies or endorsements or expanding the availability of an existing Federal crop insurance policy or endorsement; and

(iv) ; and

(v) in clause (iv) (as so redesignated), by striking ensures and inserting to ensure;

(2) in subsection (b)(4)—

(A) by striking The Secretary and inserting the following:

The Secretary

(A) ; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

In this subparagraph, the term underserved producer means—

(I) a limited resource farmer or rancher, as defined by the Secretary;

(II) a beginning farmer or rancher, as defined by the Secretary;

(III) a veteran farmer or rancher, as defined by the Secretary; and

(IV) a socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher, as defined by the Secretary.

The Secretary shall ensure that an underserved producer is automatically offered an opportunity to enroll in catastrophic coverage under subsection (a)(1)(A)(i)(I) by completing an application unless the underserved producer opts out—

(I) at the time that the producer is identified as an underserved producer; or

(II) as part of an application for another program administered by the Secretary.

In the case of diverse production systems that are eligible under the plans described in paragraphs (7) and (18) of section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)), the Secretary shall establish a streamlined process for submission of records or acreage reports under paragraphs (2) and (3) specifically designed to assist producers to graduate on a voluntary basis to the whole farm revenue or micro farm plan of insurance by establishing the requisite actual production history through participation in the program under this section.

(3) in subsection (c)(2), by adding at the end the following:

In this subparagraph, the term community ditch means a private, unincorporated or cooperative irrigation ditch system, including an acequia or an unincorporated mutual ditch company.

On making a determination described in subsection (a)(3) for producers that rely on a community ditch, the Secretary shall provide assistance under this section to those producers from all losses suffered as a result of the causes described in subsection (a)(3).

(4) in subsection (i)(2)(B), by striking $300,000 and inserting $1,000,000; and

(5) in subsection (l)—

(A) in paragraph (1)(B)(i)(I), by striking 65 and inserting 75; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:

(B) in the case of additional coverage that is—

(i) not less than 50 percent and not more than 65 percent, the lesser of—

(I) the sum of the premiums for each eligible crop, with the premium for each eligible crop obtained by multiplying—

(aa) the number of acres devoted to the eligible crop;

(bb) the yield, as determined by the Secretary under subsection (e);

(cc) the coverage level elected by the producer;

(dd) the average market price, as determined by the Secretary;

(ee) a 5.25-percent premium fee; and

(ff) the producer’s share of the crop; and

(II) the product obtained by multiplying—

(aa) a 5.25-percent premium fee; and

(bb) the applicable payment limit;

(ii) not less than 65 percent but not more than 70 percent, the lesser of—

(I) the sum of the premiums for each eligible crop, with the premium for each eligible crop obtained by multiplying—

(aa) the number of acres devoted to the eligible crop;

(bb) the yield, as determined by the Secretary under subsection (e);

(cc) the coverage level elected by the producer;

(dd) the average market price, as determined by the Secretary;

(ee) a 6.43-percent premium fee; and

(ff) the producer’s share of the crop; and

(II) the product obtained by multiplying—

(aa) a 6.43-percent premium fee; and

(bb) the applicable payment limit; and

(iii) not less than 70 percent but not more than 75 percent, the lesser of—

(I) the sum of the premiums for each eligible crop, with the premium for each eligible crop obtained by multiplying—

(aa) the number of acres devoted to the eligible crop;

(bb) the yield, as determined by the secretary under subsection (e);

(cc) the coverage level elected by the producer;

(dd) the average market price, as determined by the Secretary;

(ee) a 6.64-percent premium fee; and

(ff) the producer’s share of the crop; and

(II) the product obtained by multiplying—

(aa) a 6.64-percent premium fee; and

(bb) the applicable payment limit.

(C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and

(D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

The premium amount determined for a producer under paragraph (2) shall be reduced by the same percentage as the percentage reduction in payments for the crop year under a sequestration order issued under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901 et seq.) or the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 (2 U.S.C. 931 et seq.).

Section 1601(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9091(c)(2)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking and section 10109 of that Act and inserting section 10109 of that Act, and title I of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 and the amendments made by that title.

Section 1602 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9092) is amended by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2029.

Section 1001C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) by striking United States or and inserting United States,;

(B) by inserting, or an alien who has applied for employment authorization and is authorized to accept employment pursuant to section 274a.12(c)(33) of title 8, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation), after (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); and

(C) by striking, unless such person is an individual who is providing land, capital, and a substantial amount of personal labor in the production of crops on such farm; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

A person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive any payment under section 1116 or 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017) with respect to land that is owned by—

(A) any person who is not—

(i) a citizen of the United States;

(ii) an alien lawfully admitted into the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); or

(iii) an alien who has applied for employment authorization and is authorized to accept employment pursuant to section 274a.12(c)(33) of title 8, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation); or

(B) a corporation or other entity more than 10 percent of the beneficial ownership of which is held by persons described in subparagraph (A).

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), with respect to land determined to be ineligible for payments under that paragraph, the Secretary may make payments under sections 1116 and 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017) in an amount determined by the Secretary to be representative of the percentage interests of the land that is owned by—

(A) citizens of the United States;

(B) aliens lawfully admitted into the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); or

(C) aliens who have applied for employment authorization and are authorized to accept employment pursuant to section 274a.12(c)(33) of title 8, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation).

The amendments made by this section shall apply beginning with the 2025 crop, fiscal, or marketing year, as appropriate.

Section 1001D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking In this section, and inserting Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, in this section,; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

Any income received by a person or legal entity that is a landowner of eligible land (as defined in section 1265A) as compensation for the purchase of an agricultural land easement or a wetland reserve easement on that eligible land under subtitle H of title XII shall be excluded from adjusted gross income for purposes of this section for the taxable year for which the person or legal entity receives such compensation.

(2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraphs (1) through (3) and inserting the following:

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under subtitle A of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011 et seq.) for a crop year if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $700,000.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity (except an underserved farmer of covered commodities (as defined in subsection (b)(1) of section 1112 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9012))) shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under subtitle A of title I of that Act (7 U.S.C. 9011 et seq.) for a crop year with respect to land that is owned by a person or legal entity the average adjusted gross income of which exceeds $700,000.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive a marketing loan gain, a loan deficiency payment, or a certificate in lieu of a cash payment under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9031 et seq.) for a crop or marketing year, as appropriate, if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $700,000.

Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081) for a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $700,000.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity that produces specialty or high-value crops, as determined by the Secretary, shall not be eligible for a payment or benefit under subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081) for a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $1,500,000.

The Secretary may waive the limitation established by subparagraph (A) or (B) with respect to a person or legal entity that is an economically distressed producer, as determined by the Secretary.

Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), notwithstanding any other provision of law, if the average adjusted gross income of a person or legal entity exceeds $700,000, the person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit for a fiscal year under—

(i) title II of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4530);

(ii) title II of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–79; 128 Stat. 713);

(iii) title II of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–246; 122 Stat. 1753);

(iv) title II of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–171; 116 Stat. 223); or

(v) title XII of this Act.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity that produces specialty or high-value crops, as determined by the Secretary, shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under any provision of law described in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph (A) for a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $1,500,000.

The Secretary may waive the limitation established by subparagraph (A) or (B), on a case-by-case basis, if the Secretary determines that environmentally sensitive land of special significance would be protected as a result of such waiver.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under section 524(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1524(b)) for a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $700,000.

(3) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in subparagraph (A)—

(I) by striking Secretary that the average and inserting the following: “Secretary that—

(i) the average

(I) ; and

(II) by striking subsection; or in clause (i) (as so designated) and inserting the following: “subsection; and

(ii) in the case of payments received by the person or legal entity under subtitle A of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011 et seq.), the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity that owns the land with respect to which the payments are provided does not exceed the limitation specified in subsection (b)(1)(B); or

(II) ; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting described in clause (i) or (ii), as applicable, of subparagraph (A) after person or legal entity; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking subsection (b)(2) and inserting subsection (b); and

(4) in subsection (d)—

(A) by striking In the case and inserting the following:

In the case

(B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), by striking subsection (b)(2) made in and inserting subsection (b) made for; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

In the case of a payment or benefit described in subsection (b)(1)(B) made for a crop year to a person or legal entity, in addition to any reduction under paragraph (1), the amount of the payment shall be reduced by an amount that is commensurate with the direct and indirect ownership interest in the applicable land of each person or legal entity that has an average adjusted gross income in excess of the limitation specified in that subsection.

(1) Section 1001(e)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(1)) is amended by striking paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(B) of section 1001D(b) and inserting section 1001D(b).

(2) Section 1240H(c)(3)(B)(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(c)(3)(B)(i)) is amended, in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking 1001D(b)(1) and inserting 1001D(b)(4).

(3) Section 1241(i)(2)(C) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(i)(2)(C)) is amended by striking 1001D(b)(3) and inserting 1001D(b)(4)(B).

(4) Section 1271B(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(f)) is amended by striking 1001D(b)(1) and inserting 1001D(b)(4).

(5) Section 1271C(c)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871c(c)(3)) is amended by striking 1001D(b)(2) and inserting 1001D(b)(4).

(6) Section 196(i) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333(i)) is amended—

(A) by striking paragraph (4);

(B) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4); and

(C) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), in subparagraph (B)—

(i) by striking through 1001D and inserting through 1001C; and

(ii) by striking 1308 et seq. and inserting 1308 through 1308–3.

(7) Section 2507(c)(2)(E) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb–6(c)(2)(E)) is amended—

(A) in clause (ii), by striking and at the end;

(B) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(iv) benefits under section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333).

The amendments made by this section shall apply beginning with the 2025 crop, fiscal, or marketing year, as appropriate.

Section 1614 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9097) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by striking as adjusted pursuant to sections 1112 and 1113 and inserting as adjusted, increased, or reduced pursuant to sections 1112 and 1113;

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (3), by striking and at the end;

(B) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking period at the end and inserting; and; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(5) direct the Farm Service Agency to engage with the Office of Customer Service and the Office of Digital Services to facilitate efforts under this subsection.

(3) in subsection (d)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking pursuant 2 U.S.C. 901(a) and inserting pursuant to section 251(a) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901(a)); and

(ii) by striking such sums as and inserting such sums as are; and

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by striking repayment provisions of subtitles B or C and inserting provisions of subtitles B and C relating to repayment; and

(ii) by striking under subtitles B or C and inserting under subtitle B or C; and

(4) in subsection (f), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 1001(a)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(a)(3)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking Federal or State law and inserting Federal, State, or Tribal law.

Section 1621(c)(3)(B) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8792(c)(3)(B)) is amended by striking $15,000,000 and inserting $20,000,000.

Notwithstanding section 5 of the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714c), during fiscal years 2025 through 2030, the Commodity Credit Corporation is authorized to use its general powers only to carry out operations as Congress may specifically authorize or provide for.

Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed to impact funds obligated or transferred to the Secretary before the date of enactment of this Act.

For purposes of preparing a cost estimate of this section, the Director of the Congressional Budget Office shall assume that the discretionary spending under section 5 of the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714c) for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2033 shall be equal to $6,700,000,000.

Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this section $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 to reimburse producers for not more than $20,000 of—

(1) premiums paid by a producer under a policy or plan of insurance under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) for the 2024 reinsurance year;

(2) fees paid by a producer under the noninsured crop disaster assistance program established by section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333) for the 2024 crop year; or

(3) a combination thereof.

The Secretary shall include any amounts received by a producer under subsection (a) in determining the net crop insurance indemnity or the net noninsured crop disaster assistance program payment for emergency relief program payments under section 1503 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 for the 2024 crop year.

Section 1201(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)) is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (15), (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), and (27) as paragraphs (16), (17), (18), (20), (21), (24), (25), (26), (27), (28), (29), (31), and (32), respectively;

(2) by striking paragraph (14) and inserting the following:

The terms Indian land and Tribal land mean land that is—

(A) held in trust by the United States for the benefit of an Indian Tribe or one or more individual members of an Indian Tribe;

(B) held by an Indian Tribe or one or more individual members of an Indian Tribe, subject to a restriction against alienation or encumbrance by operation of Federal law;

(C) held in fee by an Indian Tribe or one or more individual members of an Indian Tribe;

(D) Hawaiian Home Lands (as defined in section 801 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4221));

(E) held by a majority-owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides services consistent with the purposes of a program established under this title; or

(F) any combination of the types of land described in subparagraphs (A) through (E).

The terms Indian tribe and Indian Tribe mean any Indian or Alaska Native tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, community, component band, or component reservation, individually identified (including parenthetically) in the list published pursuant to section 104 of the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 5131).

(3) by inserting after paragraph (18) (as so redesignated) the following:

The term Native Hawaiian organization has the meaning given the term in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517).

(4) by inserting after paragraph (21) (as so redesignated) the following:

The term precision agriculture means managing, tracking, or reducing crop or livestock production inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer, chemicals, water, and time, at a heightened level of spatial and temporal granularity to improve efficiencies, reduce waste, and maintain environmental quality.

The term precision agriculture technology means any technology (including equipment that is necessary for the deployment of such technology) that directly contributes to a reduction in, or improved efficiency of, inputs used in crop or livestock production, which may include seed, feed, fertilizer, chemicals, water, and time.

(4) ; and

(5) by inserting after paragraph (29) (as so redesignated) the following:

The term Tribal organization has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

Section 1222(k)(1)(B) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3822(k)(1)(B)) is amended by striking each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023 and inserting fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter.

Section 1231(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(a)) is amended by striking Through the 2023 fiscal year, the and inserting The.

Section 1231(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 and inserting the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024;

(2) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking rangeland and pastureland) and inserting rangeland, pastureland, and pastureland devoted to silvopasture, as determined by the Secretary);

(3) in paragraph (5)(B)(ii), by inserting, prairie strip, or filterstrip after contour grass sod strip;

(4) in paragraph (6)(B)(ii), by striking or at the end;

(5) in paragraph (7)(C), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(6) by adding at the end the following:

(8) cropland, marginal pastureland, grasslands, and other rural land that will—

(A) have a positive impact on water quality in furtherance of the goals of the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program established by the Secretary under section 1231A; and

(B) be devoted to a riparian buffer; or

(9) land that is otherwise eligible for enrollment and for which a Tribal, State, or local government law, ordinance, or regulation requires any resource-conserving or environmental protection measure or practice, unless the requirement to implement such a measure or practice has been imposed by an administrative order or a court order, in which case that land shall not be eligible for enrollment.

Section 1231(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) through (E) and inserting the following:

(A) fiscal years 2025 through 2027, not more than 27,500,000 acres;

(B) fiscal year 2028, not more than 28,000,000 acres; and

(C) fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year thereafter, not more than 29,000,000 acres.

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)—

(i) in clause (i)—

(I) by striking 2,000,000 and inserting 10,000,000; and

(II) by striking 2023; and and inserting 2029;; and

(ii) by striking clause (ii) and inserting the following:

(ii) in carrying out clause (i), to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall maintain in the conservation reserve at any one time during—

(I) fiscal year 2025, 7,000,000 acres;

(II) fiscal year 2026, 8,500,000 acres; and

(III) fiscal year 2027 and each fiscal year thereafter, 10,000,000 acres; and

(iii) in carrying out clause (i), the Secretary may maintain in the conservation reserve at any time during fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter not more than 12,000,000 acres.

(ii) ; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking may and inserting shall;

(ii) in clause (ii), by striking or at the end;

(iii) in clause (iii)(III), by striking the period at the end and inserting; or; and

(iv) by adding at the end the following:

(iv) that comprises native grasslands.

(3) in paragraph (3)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting establish a Clean Lakes, Estuaries, and Rivers (CLEAR) Initiative to after Secretary shall; and

(B) in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking 40 percent and inserting 45 percent;

(4) in paragraph (4), by striking each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023 each place it appears and inserting fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter; and

(5) in paragraph (6)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)—

(i) in clause (i)—

(I) in subclause (II), by striking and at the end; and

(II) by adding at the end the following:

(IV) land that will be enrolled under the State acres for wildlife enhancement practice established by the Secretary;

(ii) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

(iii) the farmable wetland program under section 1231B; and

(iv) the CLEAR 30 and soil health and income protection programs under subsections (a) and (b), respectively, of section 1231C.

(iii) ; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) in clause (i), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029; and

(ii) in clause (ii)(IV), by striking fiscal years 2022 and 2023 and inserting fiscal year 2022 and each fiscal year thereafter.

Section 1231(e)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(e)(2)) is amended by inserting riparian buffers, forest farming, after windbreaks,.

Section 1231(g)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(g)(2)) is amended by inserting and other multi-year grasses and legumes after Alfalfa.

Section 1231(h) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(h)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2)(B)(iii), by inserting and windbreaks after shelterbelts; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

On the expiration of a contract entered into under this subchapter that covers land that includes grazing infrastructure established with cost sharing assistance under section 1234(b)(1)(B)—

(A) the Secretary shall consider that land to be planted for purposes of subsection (b)(1)(B); and

(B) that land shall be eligible for reenrollment in the conservation reserve, subject to the requirements of this subchapter.

Section 1231(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(i)) is amended by striking and wildlife habitat and inserting drought resilience, wildlife habitat, and climate change adaptation, mitigation, and resilience.

Section 1231A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (3)—

(i) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E); and

(ii) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:

(C) an Indian Tribe or a Tribal organization;

(D) a Native Hawaiian organization; or

(B) in paragraph (4), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting (other than an agreement described in subsection (e)) after this subchapter;

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (2)(A)(vi), by inserting or other appropriate practices, such as dryland agricultural uses and grazing, after conservation practices; and

(B) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the following:

The Secretary shall provide an option to signatories to an agreement under this subsection to update the agreement, without renegotiating other provisions of the agreement, to include new incentives made available under this subchapter beginning on January 1, 2018, such as riparian forest buffer management payments.

Requirements for matching funds described in paragraph (2)(B) shall not apply to the updates to an agreement described in clause (i).

(3) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:

In the case of an agreement described in subsection (e) that includes a permanent retirement of water rights, the payment rates for annual payments shall be equal to the irrigated acre payment rates determined by the Secretary.

In the case of an agreement described in subsection (e) that permits dryland agricultural uses pursuant to paragraph (2) of that subsection, the payment rates for annual payments shall be equal to the difference between—

(i) the irrigated acre payment rates determined by the Secretary; and

(ii) the dryland acre payment rates determined by the Secretary.

(4) in subsection (e)—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)—

(i) by inserting through the long-term reduction of consumptive water use, as measured by an evapotranspiration data program or other monitoring tools after regional drought concerns; and

(ii) by striking may and inserting shall;

(B) in paragraph (1), by inserting (including agricultural land on which a continuous crop or crop rotation is maintained) after agricultural land;

(C) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by striking with the adoption of best management practices on and inserting in accordance with a conservation plan adopted with respect to; and

(ii) by striking and at the end;

(D) in paragraph (3)—

(i) by inserting subject to subsection (c)(5), before calculate; and

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(E) by adding at the end the following:

(4) provide financial support for an eligible partner to develop and deploy monitoring tools for measuring the reduction in consumptive water use, at the discretion of the Secretary;

(5) notwithstanding section 1234(b)(5), consider funds contributed by another Federal agency as part of a matching contribution required from an eligible partner under subsection (b)(2)(B) and described in subsection (c)(1);

(6) accept, in lieu of the conservation plan of the Secretary, the conservation plan of an eligible partner with an owner or operator with respect to land enrolled under a CREP, at the discretion of the Secretary; and

(7) limit the number of acres added as enrolled under this subsection to not more than 100,000 acres for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

(E) ; and

(5) in subsection (f)—

(A) in paragraph (3), by striking and at the end;

(B) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(5) any activity under subsection (e), including—

(A) any obstacles to finalizing an agreement in accordance with that subsection and any recommendations to address those obstacles; and

(B) any innovations from a CREP that advance the purposes of subsection (e).

Section 1231B(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831b(a)(1)) is amended by striking the 2008 through 2023 fiscal years and inserting fiscal year 2008 and each fiscal year thereafter.

Section 1231C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c) is amended by striking the section heading and inserting Special Programs..

Section 1231C(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking pilot;

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)—

(i) in clause (i), by striking Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 and inserting Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024; and

(ii) in clause (ii), by striking priority described in section 1231(d)(3) (or the predecessor practices that constitute the priority and inserting initiative described in section 1231(d)(3) (or predecessor practices that provided similar priority; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

Prior to the expiration of a covered contract, an owner or operator party to the covered contract may elect to terminate the contract and to enroll that land through a CLEAR 30 contract under this subsection.

(3) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:

Eligible land for enrollment through a CLEAR 30 contract is—

(A) land under a covered contract; or

(B) any eligible land described in section 1231(d)(3).

(4) in paragraph (8)(B), by striking or Indian Tribe and inserting Indian Tribe, or Tribal organization; and

(5) in paragraph (9)(B)(i)—

(A) in the clause heading, by inserting Tribal, after State,; and

(B) by inserting Tribal, after State,.

Section 1231C(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c(b)) is amended—

(1) in the subsection heading, by striking pilot;

(2) by striking pilot each place it appears;

(3) in paragraph (1)(A)(ii)—

(A) by striking subclause (I) and inserting the following:

(I) is in a location in which the program established under this subsection can be carried out in a manner such that the amount of rental payments made under a contract entered into under this subsection is less than the total amount of commodity payments, crop insurance indemnities, and crop insurance subsidies that would otherwise be provided with respect to the acres to be enrolled in the program;

(A) ; and

(B) in subclause (III)—

(i) by striking verified to be; and

(ii) by inserting, as determined by the owner or operator before the period at the end;

(4) in paragraph (2)—

(A) by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows through The Secretary in subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

The Secretary

(A) ; and

(B) by striking subparagraph (B);

(5) in paragraph (3)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)(ii)—

(i) by striking subclause (II) and inserting the following:

(II) except as provided in subparagraph (E), of the actual cost of establishment of the conserving use cover crop under subclause (I)—

(aa) using the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall pay 50 percent; and

(bb) the owner or operator of the eligible land shall pay 50 percent;

(ii) in subclause (III), by striking seed, hayed, and inserting seed; and

(iii) in subclause (V), by striking a nonprofit wildlife organization and inserting a nonprofit conservation organization, State agency, or other non-Federal entity;

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) by striking subparagraphs (E) and and inserting subparagraph; and

(ii) by striking 50 percent and inserting 75 percent;

(C) in subparagraph (E)—

(i) by striking the Secretary— in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through a contract in the matter preceding subclause (I) of clause (i) and inserting the Secretary, a contract;

(ii) by striking clause (ii);

(iii) by redesignating subclauses (I) and (II) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(iv) in clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking 50 percent and inserting 75 percent; and

(v) in clause (ii) (as so redesignated), by striking 50 percent and inserting 25 percent; and

(D) in subparagraph (F)—

(i) in the subparagraph heading, by striking Harvesting, haying, and and inserting Harvesting and;

(ii) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking seed, haying, or and inserting seed or; and

(iii) in clause (i), by striking hayed or;

(6) by striking paragraph (4); and

(7) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4).

Section 1231C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c) is amended by adding at the end the following:

In this subsection, the term eligible land means cropland—

(A) that is selected by the owner or operator of the land for proposed enrollment in the pilot program under this subsection;

(B) that—

(i) is located within 1 or more of the States of Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania; or

(ii) is in a location selected by the Secretary based on consultation with State Committees of the Farm Service Agency and State technical committees established under section 1261(a);

(C) that had a cropping history or was considered to be planted at least 3 of the 10 crop years preceding enrollment, as determined by the Secretary;

(D) that is located in an area that historically maintained trees, as determined by the Secretary; and

(E) on which trees and shrubs are to be planted as part of an agroforestry system.

The Secretary shall establish a voluntary agroforestry pilot program (referred to in this subsection as the pilot program) under which eligible land is enrolled through the use of contracts to assist owners and operators of eligible land in implementing and maintaining agroforestry systems to conserve and improve the soil, water, or wildlife resources of the eligible land.

Under a contract entered into with an owner or operator under the pilot program, the Secretary shall—

(i) make payments to the owner or operator based on rental rates for the eligible land enrolled in the pilot program; and

(ii) provide assistance to the owner or operator in accordance with sections 1233 and 1234 and this subsection.

In entering into contracts under the pilot program, the Secretary shall give priority to contracts focused on the planting of native trees and shrubs.

For purposes of applying the limitations in section 1231(d)(6)(B), the Secretary shall include acres of land enrolled under this subsection.

A contract entered into under the pilot program shall—

(i) be entered into by the Secretary, the owner of the eligible land, and (if applicable) the operator of the eligible land; and

(ii) provide that, during the term of the contract—

(I) the most cost-effective conservation cover that produces non-timber forest products for the eligible land, as determined by the applicable State conservationist after considering the advice of the applicable State technical committee established under section 1261(a), shall be planted on the eligible land;

(II) except as provided in subparagraph (E), the owner or operator of the eligible land shall pay the cost of planting the conservation cover under subclause (I);

(III) subject to subparagraph (F), the eligible land may be harvested or grazed outside the primary nesting season established for the applicable county; and

(IV) on notification to the Secretary, a nonprofit wildlife organization may provide to the owner or operator of the eligible land a payment in exchange for an agreement by the owner or operator not to harvest the conservation cover.

Except as provided in subparagraphs (E) and (F)(iv), the annual rental rate for a payment under a contract entered into under the pilot program shall be equal to 90 percent of the average rental rate for the applicable county under section 1234(d), as determined by the Secretary.

Not more than 20 percent of the eligible land on an agricultural operation may be enrolled in the pilot program under this subsection.

Except as provided in clause (ii), each contract entered into under the pilot program shall be for a term of 10 or 15 years, as determined by the parties to the contract.

The Secretary may terminate a contract entered into under the pilot program before the end of the term described in clause (i) if the Secretary determines that the early termination of the contract is necessary.

An owner and (if applicable) an operator of eligible land enrolled in the pilot program may terminate a contract entered into under the pilot program before the end of the term described in clause (i) if the owner and (if applicable) the operator pay to the Secretary an amount equal to the amount of rental payments received under the contract.

With respect to a contract entered into under the pilot program with an owner or operator described in subsection (b)(3)(E), as determined by the Secretary—

(i) the contract shall provide that, during the term of the contract, of the actual cost of establishment of the conservation cover under subparagraph (A)(ii)(I)—

(I) using the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall pay 50 percent; and

(II) the owner or operator shall pay 50 percent; and

(ii) the annual rental rate for a payment under the contract shall be equal to 100 percent of the average rental rate for the applicable county under section 1234(d), as determined by the Secretary.

The harvesting or grazing of eligible land under subparagraph (A)(ii)(III) outside of the primary nesting season established for the applicable county shall be subject to the conditions that—

(i) any harvesting shall not damage the conservation cover or other conservation benefits of the enrollment of the eligible land in the pilot program;

(ii) any harvesting does not include the production of wood products;

(iii) any grazing is consistent with the long-term protection and enhancement of the conservation resources of the eligible land; and

(iv) the owner or operator shall be subject to a reduction in the rental rate of 50 percent, unless the Secretary determines that the harvesting or grazing will cause no reduction in the environmental benefits of the established conservation cover on the eligible land.

Of the number of acres available for enrollment in the conservation reserve under section 1231(d)(1), not more than 50,000 total acres of eligible land may be enrolled under the pilot program.

For the purpose of enrolling acres under the pilot program, the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency shall coordinate with the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Chief of the Forest Service, the Director of the National Agroforestry Center, regional agroforestry working groups, State technical committees established under section 1261(a), applicable State forestry agencies, and nongovernmental organizations with demonstrated expertise.

The Secretary shall provide an opportunity to enroll in the pilot program land described in section 1231(b)(5) that is enrolled in the conservation reserve on the date of enactment of this subsection.

Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the viability of transitioning eligible land enrolled in the pilot program to agroforestry systems, including—

(A) the estimated conservation value of the eligible land enrolled in the pilot program;

(B) the estimated economic value of the trees and shrubs planted as part of the pilot program; and

(C) estimated savings for the Federal Government, including savings from reduced commodity payments, crop insurance indemnities, and crop insurance premium subsidies.

Subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 is amended by inserting after section 1231C (16 U.S.C. 3831c) the following:

The Secretary shall offer to enroll land in the conservation reserve program through a conservation reserve easement in accordance with this section.

For purposes of applying the limitations in section 1231(d)(1), the Secretary shall not count acres of land enrolled under this section.

Only land subject to an expired covered contract (as defined in section 1235(i)(1)) shall be eligible for enrollment through a conservation reserve easement under this section.

The term of a conservation reserve easement shall be—

(1) permanent; or

(2) the maximum period allowed by State law.

To be eligible to enroll land in the conservation reserve program through a conservation reserve easement, the owner of the land shall enter into an agreement with the Secretary—

(1) to grant an easement on the land to the Secretary;

(2) to implement a conservation reserve easement plan developed for the land under subsection (h)(1);

(3) to create and record an appropriate deed restriction in accordance with applicable State law to reflect the easement;

(4) to provide a written statement of consent to the easement signed by any person holding a security interest in the land;

(5) to comply with the terms and conditions of the easement and any related agreements; and

(6) to permanently retire any existing base acres (as defined in section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011)) history for the land covered by the easement.

A conservation reserve easement shall include terms and conditions that—

(A) permit—

(i) repairs, improvements, and inspections on the land that are necessary to maintain existing public drainage systems; and

(ii) owners to control public access on the land while identifying access routes to be used for restoration activities and management and easement monitoring;

(B) prohibit—

(i) the alteration of wildlife habitat and other natural features of the land, unless specifically authorized by the Secretary as part of the conservation reserve easement plan under subsection (h)(1);

(ii) the spraying of the land with chemicals or the mowing of the land, except where the spraying or mowing is authorized by the Secretary or is necessary—

(I) to comply with Federal or State noxious weed control laws;

(II) to comply with a Federal or State emergency pest treatment program; or

(III) to meet habitat needs of specific wildlife species;

(iii) any activity to be carried out on the land of the owner or successor that is immediately adjacent to, and functionally related to, the land that is subject to the easement if the activity will alter, degrade, or otherwise diminish the functional value of the land; and

(iv) the adoption of any other practice that would tend to defeat the purposes of the conservation reserve program, as determined by the Secretary; and

(C) include any additional provision that the Secretary determines is appropriate to carry out this section or facilitate the practical administration of this section.

On the violation of a term or condition of a conservation reserve easement—

(A) the conservation reserve easement shall remain in force; and

(B) the Secretary may require the owner to refund all or part of any payments received by the owner under the program, with interest on payments, as determined appropriate by the Secretary.

Land subject to a conservation reserve easement may be used for compatible economic uses, including hunting and fishing, managed timber harvest, periodic haying outside of the primary nesting season, or periodic grazing, if the use—

(A) is specifically permitted by the conservation reserve easement plan developed for the land under subsection (h)(1); and

(B) is consistent with the long-term protection and enhancement of the conservation resources for which the easement was established.

The Secretary shall pay as compensation for a permanent conservation reserve easement acquired under this section an amount necessary to encourage enrollment of land in such a conservation reserve easement, based on the lowest of—

(i) the fair market value of the land, as determined by the Secretary, using the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice or an areawide market analysis or survey;

(ii) the amount corresponding to a geographical limitation, as determined by the Secretary in regulations prescribed by the Secretary; or

(iii) the offer made by the landowner.

Compensation for a conservation reserve easement that is not permanent due to a restriction in applicable State law shall be not less than 50 percent, but not more than 75 percent, of the compensation that would be paid for a permanent conservation reserve easement.

Compensation for a conservation reserve easement shall be provided by the Secretary in the form of a cash payment, in an amount determined under paragraph (1).

The Secretary may provide payment under this subsection to a landowner using—

(A) 10 annual payments; or

(B) 1 payment.

The Secretary shall provide any annual easement payment obligation under paragraph (3)(A) as early as practicable in each fiscal year.

The Secretary shall make a payment, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary, in a manner as the Secretary determines is fair and reasonable under the circumstances, if an owner who is entitled to a payment under this section—

(A) dies;

(B) becomes incompetent;

(C) is succeeded by another person or entity who renders or completes the required performance; or

(D) is otherwise unable to receive the payment.

The Secretary shall assist owners in complying with the terms and conditions of a conservation reserve easement.

The Secretary may enter into 1 or more contracts with private entities or agreements with a State, nongovernmental organization, Indian Tribe, or Tribal organization to carry out necessary restoration, maintenance, repair, assessment, or monitoring of a conservation reserve easement if the Secretary determines that the contract or agreement will advance the purposes of the conservation reserve program.

The Secretary shall develop a conservation reserve easement plan for any land subject to a conservation reserve easement, which shall include practices and activities necessary to maintain, protect, and enhance the conservation value of the enrolled land.

The Secretary may delegate any of the management, monitoring, and enforcement responsibilities of the Secretary under this section to other Federal, State, Tribal, or local government agencies that have the appropriate authority, expertise, and resources necessary to carry out those delegated responsibilities.

The Secretary may delegate any management responsibilities of the Secretary under this section to conservation organizations, including Tribal organizations dedicated to conservation and natural resource management, if the Secretary determines the conservation organization has similar expertise and resources.

Section 1233(b)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(b)(1)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by inserting subject to clause (i)(III), and subclauses (I) and (II) of clause (ii), of subparagraph (B), before are subject to; and

(2) in subparagraph (B)(i)—

(A) by striking subclause (III);

(B) by redesignating subclauses (I) and (II) as subclauses (II) and (III), respectively;

(C) by inserting before subclause (II) (as so redesignated) the following:

(I) emergency haying in response to a localized or regional drought, flooding, wildfire, or other emergency, on certain practices, outside the primary nesting season on not more than 50 percent of contract acres, as identified in the site-specific plan, when—

(aa) the county is designated as D2 (severe drought) or greater according to the United States Drought Monitor during the primary nesting season;

(bb) there is at least a 40 percent loss in forage production in the county; or

(cc) the Secretary, in coordination with the State technical committee, determines that the program can assist in the response to a natural disaster event without permanent damage to the established cover;

(D) in subclause (II) (as so redesignated)—

(i) by striking the matter preceding item (aa) and inserting the following:

(II) emergency grazing on all practices, outside the primary nesting season, on not more than 50 percent of contract acres or subject to a 50 percent reduction in the stocking rate, as identified in the site-specific plan, in response to a localized or regional drought, flooding, wildfire, or other emergency, when—

(i) ; and

(ii) in item (aa), by striking Monitor; and inserting Monitor during the primary nesting season;; and

(E) in subclause (III) (as so redesignated), by striking payments are authorized for a county under the livestock forage disaster program under clause (ii) of section 1501(c)(3)(D) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(c)(3)(D)) and inserting the county is designated as D3 (extreme drought) or greater according to the United States Drought Monitor during the primary nesting season.

Section 1233(c)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(c)(3)) is amended by inserting restoration of native plant species, prescribed burning (in consultation with the applicable State technical committee established under section 1261(a)), before and construction.

Section 1233 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833) is amended by adding at the end the following:

The Secretary shall establish long-term monitoring of conservation outcomes of program enrollments, including pilot projects, to determine program results with respect to—

(A) soil conservation, soil health, and carbon sequestration;

(B) water quality and quantity; and

(C) biodiversity and wildlife habitat.

Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, and every 3 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make publicly available, a report that includes—

(A) a description of conservation outcomes achieved;

(B) a description of the approaches, tools, and methods used to measure or model the conservation outcomes reported; and

(C) recommendations and guidance to improve conservation outcomes.

Section 1234(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by striking 50 percent and inserting a portion; and

(B) by inserting, including seed cost, after conservation measures and practices;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively;

(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

The portion of the establishment cost described in paragraph (1) that the Secretary shall pay shall be—

(A) in the case of water quality and conservation measures and practices that focus on establishing non-native habitat, 35 percent; and

(B) notwithstanding paragraph (5) and subject to paragraph (3), in the case of all other water quality and conservation measures and practices, 50 percent.

Each State technical committee established under section 1261(a) may select up to 3 conservation practices described in subparagraph (B) that shall be eligible for payment by the Secretary of 65 percent of the establishment cost described in paragraph (1).

A conservation practice referred to in subparagraph (A) is a conservation practice described in paragraph (2)(B) that provides 1 or more of the following benefits:

(i) Incentivizing restoration of early successional habitat and grasslands with native plant materials.

(ii) Establishing rare or declining habitat.

(iii) Addressing water quality concerns relating to impingement of nearby waterways.

(iv) Supporting the goals of the State climate adaptation, mitigation, or resilience plan.

(4) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and inserting the following:

The Secretary shall make cost sharing payments to an owner or operator under this subchapter for any management activity described in section 1232(a)(5) in accordance with subsection (c), except for those management activities relating to haying or grazing.

(4) ; and

(5) in paragraph (6) (as so redesignated)—

(A) by inserting not less than 40 percent and before not to exceed 50 percent;

(B) by striking In addition and inserting the following:

In addition

(B) ; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

In the case of a contract updated under section 1231A(b)(3)(C)(i), the incentive payment under subparagraph (A) shall be in an amount that is not less than 40 percent of the actual costs described in that subparagraph.

Section 1234 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834) is amended by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:

Using funds made available under section 1241(a)(2), the Secretary may make available—

(A) additional incentive payments to an owner or operator of eligible land in an amount sufficient to encourage—

(i) proper thinning and other practices to improve the condition of resources, promote forest management, or enhance wildlife habitat on the land;

(ii) establishment of grazing infrastructure, including interior cross fencing, perimeter fencing, and water infrastructure (such as rural water connections, water wells, pipelines, and water tanks), under each contract, for all practices, if grazing is included in the conservation plan and addresses a resource concern;

(iii) prescribed burning, including for the cost of liability insurance, necessary to promote the quality and resiliency of native habitat established on enrolled land; and

(iv) any management activity described in section 1232(a)(5), except for those management activities relating to emergency haying or grazing; and

(B) funds to carry out section 1235(f) to facilitate the transfer of land subject to contracts from contract holders to covered farmers or ranchers (as defined in section 1235(f)(1)), including to provide outreach and technical assistance to facilitate such transfers.

A payment described in paragraph (1)(A) may not exceed 100 percent of the total cost of practices conducted by the owner or operator.

Section 1234(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (C) as clauses (i) through (iii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking In determining and inserting the following:

In determining

(B) ; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

The Secretary shall adjust the annual rental payment determined under subparagraph (A) based on an analysis of local rental rate trends such that—

(i) the annual rental payment reflects the likely changes in market rental rates over the term of the contract; and

(ii) the inflation adjustment does not increase the annual rental payment by more than 10 percent.

(2) in paragraph (2)(B)(i)—

(A) by striking 85 percent and inserting 95 percent; and

(B) by striking 90 percent and inserting 100 percent; and

(3) in paragraph (4)(E)—

(A) in clause (i), by striking 85 percent and inserting 95 percent; and

(B) in clause (ii), by striking 90 percent and inserting 100 percent.

Section 1234(g)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(g)(1)) is amended by striking $50,000 and inserting $125,000.

Section 1235 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835) is amended—

(1) in subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii), by inserting, including agroforestry and other productive perennial systems after methods;

(2) in subsection (f)(1)(A)(i), by inserting or establishing agroforestry and other productive perennial systems after crop; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

In this subsection, the term covered contract means a contract entered into under this subchapter—

(A) during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this subsection and ending on September 30, 2029; and

(B) that covers land enrolled in the conservation reserve program—

(i) under the Clean Lakes, Estuaries, and Rivers (CLEAR) Initiative established under section 1231(d)(3); or

(ii) that is located in a State acres for wildlife enhancement area established by the Secretary.

On the expiration of a covered contract, an owner or operator party to the covered contract shall elect—

(A) not to reenroll the land under the contract;

(B) to reenroll the land under the contract, subject to the conditions that—

(i) the annual rental payment shall be decreased by 40 percent; and

(ii) no incentive payments shall be provided under the contract; or

(C) not to reenroll the land under the contract and to enroll the land under the contract in a conservation reserve easement under section 1231D.

On the expiration of a covered contract, if land enrolled in the conservation reserve program under that contract is determined by the Secretary to not be suitable for permanent protection through a conservation reserve easement under section 1231D, notwithstanding paragraph (2)(B), the Secretary shall allow the land to be reenrolled under the terms of the conservation reserve program in effect on the date of expiration.

Subject to paragraph (2), an owner or operator party to a contract entered into under this subchapter may—

(A) subject to section 1240B(d)(6), enroll the land enrolled under the contract in the environmental quality incentives program established under subchapter A of chapter 4;

(B) subject to section 1271B(g), receive cost-share assistance under the regional conservation partnership program established under subtitle I with respect to the land enrolled under the contract; or

(C) both enroll land in accordance with subparagraph (A) and receive cost-share assistance in accordance with subparagraph (B).

Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent an owner or operator party to a contract entered into under this subchapter from simultaneously receiving a rental payment under the terms of that contract and cost-share assistance under the environmental quality incentives program established under subchapter A of chapter 4 or the regional conservation partnership program established under subtitle I.

An owner or operator party to a contract entered into under this subchapter shall not be eligible to receive a cost-share payment under more than 1 program established under this title for the same activity carried out on the same land.

Section 1240 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking and environmental quality and inserting environmental quality, and climate change adaptation and mitigation;

(2) in paragraph (1)—

(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking and at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting and at the end; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(D) climate change adaptation, mitigation, and resilience;

(3) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting sequestering carbon, increasing drought resilience, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and before conserving energy; and

(4) in paragraph (4), by inserting climate change and before increasing weather volatility.

Section 1240A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–1) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (3), by striking a practice and inserting a management practice, including a land or livestock management practice,;

(2) in paragraph (6)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)—

(i) in clause (ii), by inserting or livestock before management;

(ii) by redesignating clauses (v) through (vii) as clauses (vi) through (viii), respectively; and

(iii) by inserting after clause (iv) the following:

(v) native habitat restoration;

(iii) ; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) in clause (i), by striking planning; and inserting planning that, where practicable, incorporates planning for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions;;

(ii) in clause (v)—

(I) by inserting (including planning for the adoption of precision agriculture practices and precision agriculture technology) after planning; and

(II) by striking and at the end;

(iii) by redesignating clause (vi) as clause (vii); and

(iv) by inserting after clause (v) the following:

(vi) greenhouse gas emissions reduction planning; and

(iv) ; and

(3) in paragraph (7)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting Tribal, before or local; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking State or region and inserting State, at a regional scale, or on Indian land.

Section 1240B(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(d)) is amended—

(1) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the following:

Subject to subparagraph (B), a producer party to a contract entered into under this subchapter may—

(i) subject to section 1235(j), enroll the eligible land enrolled under the contract in the conservation reserve program established under subchapter B of chapter 1;

(ii) subject to section 1271B(g), receive cost-share assistance under the regional conservation partnership program established under subtitle I with respect to the eligible land enrolled under the contract; or

(iii) both enroll land in accordance with clause (i) and receive cost-share assistance in accordance with clause (ii).

A producer shall not be eligible for payments for practices on eligible land under the program if the producer receives payments or other benefits for the same practice on the same land under another program under this subtitle.

A producer receiving payments for practices on eligible land under the program may also receive a loan or loan guarantee under section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924) to cover costs for the same practices on the same land.

The Secretary shall inform a producer participating in the program in writing of the availability of a loan or loan guarantee under section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924) as it relates to the costs of implementing practices under the program.

(2) in paragraph (7)(A)—

(A) in the matter preceding clause (i)—

(i) by striking Each State and inserting The designee of the Secretary in each State; and

(ii) by striking the State, and inserting the State and, in the case of Indian land, the applicable Tribal conservation advisory council,;

(B) in clause (iii), by striking; or and inserting a semicolon;

(C) in clause (iv), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

(v) provides a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, including enteric methane emissions from livestock, or sequesters carbon; or

(vi) furthers efforts to implement the climate adaptation and resilience plan of a State, Indian Tribe, or local government.

(D) ; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

Notwithstanding paragraph (2), in the case of a practice relating to the management of livestock to reduce enteric methane emissions, the Secretary shall increase the amount that would otherwise be provided for a practice under this subsection to not more than 75 percent of the costs associated with that management, including the cost of methane-inhibiting products for livestock.

Section 1240B(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(f)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023 and inserting fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter;

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows through For each of fiscal years 2019 through 2031 in subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:

For fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter

(2) ; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, at least 10 percent of the funds made available for payments under the program shall be targeted at practices implemented on small farms, as determined by the Secretary.

Section 1240B(h)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(h)(2)) is amended by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D) and inserting the following:

The Secretary shall waive the applicability of the limitations in sections 1001D(b) and 1240G for a payment made under a contract entered into under this paragraph if the total amount of payments received by the person or legal entity under the contract during either of the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 or the period of fiscal years 2030 and 2031 does not exceed—

(i) the product obtained by multiplying—

(I) the maximum payment for the applicable period under section 1240G; and

(II) the number of producers served by the contract through the entity that is party to the contract; less

(ii) the sum of any other payments received under the program during either of the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 or the period of fiscal years 2030 and 2031 by—

(I) producers served by the contract; and

(II) the entity that is party to the contract, limited to the proportion of those payments that benefit those producers served by the contract.

Section 1240B(i)(3)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(i)(3)(A)) is amended—

(1) in clause (i)(II), by striking and at the end;

(2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

(iii) during the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, $450,000; and

(iv) during each 5-fiscal-year period thereafter, $450,000.

Section 1240B(j) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(j)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking concerns and inserting concerns, which may include emissions of nitrous oxide or methane (referred to in this subsection as greenhouse gas emissions) or storage of carbon in plants or soil (referred to in this subsection as carbon storage),; and

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)(ii)(I), by striking conservation and inserting conservation, reductions of greenhouse gas emissions, or increased levels of carbon storage; and

(B) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:

Subject to clause (ii), a contract under this subsection shall have a term of not less than 5, and not more than 10, years.

The Secretary may reduce the term of a contract under this subsection if the producer enters into a conservation stewardship contract under section 1240K with respect to the eligible land that is subject to the contract under this subsection.

Section 1240B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2) is amended by adding at the end the following:

Not less frequently than once each year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing—

(1) the amount obligated under the program with respect to each category of practice, with information categorized by fiscal year and State; and

(2) the amount obligated under the program in each State, with information categorized by fiscal year and the size of the operation of each producer.

Section 1240B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2) (as amended by subsection (f)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

To the maximum extent feasible, the Secretary shall provide for streamlined and coordinated procedures for the program and the conservation stewardship program under subchapter B, including applications, contracting, conservation planning, conservation practices, and related administrative procedures.

Section 1240E(a)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–5(a)(3)) is amended by inserting, and a greenhouse gas emissions reduction plan after if applicable.

Section 1240G of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–7) is amended by striking exceed and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “for all contracts entered into under this subchapter by the person or legal entity (regardless of the number of such contracts entered into by such person or legal entity), exceed $450,000 during—

(1) the period of fiscal years 2014 through 2018;

(2) the period of fiscal years 2019 through 2023;

(3) the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029; or

(4) each 5-fiscal-year period thereafter.

Section 1240H(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(a)(1)) is amended—

(1) by striking pay the cost of and inserting award;

(2) by inserting the development and evaluation of new and before innovative approaches; and

(3) by inserting, including for the purpose of incorporating innovation and new technologies into existing conservation practice standards or establishing new conservation practice standards before the period at the end.

Section 1240H(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(c)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(B)(i)—

(A) in subclause (II), by inserting on-farm nutrient recycling, after plans,;

(B) in each of subclauses (VI) and (VII), by striking and at the end; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(VII) perennial production systems, including agroforestry and perennial forages and grain crops; and

(VIII) livestock-related practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including enteric methane emissions; and

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated)—

(i) by striking 2019 through 2031, the Secretary and inserting 2019 through 2024 and $50,000,000 of the funds made available to carry out this subchapter for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary; and

(ii) by striking Using and inserting the following:

Using

(ii) ; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

Of the funds made available under subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use 50 percent to provide grants for soil health demonstration trials established under paragraph (7).

(C) ; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary shall carry out one or more studies on changes in methane emissions and, if feasible, economic outcomes, generated as a result of livestock-related practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including enteric methane emissions.

Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report on the progress and results under subparagraph (A).

Section 1240H(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(d)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking including, if feasible and inserting including any barriers to or best practices for the adoption of new and innovative conservation approaches identified through the activities, opportunities for future research, and, if feasible;

(2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);

(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

Not later than 1 year after the completion of a project funded under this section, the Secretary shall publish a public-facing report, submitted by the grant recipient following the completion of the grant period, that includes an assessment of—

(A) the acreage of the area where the project was implemented;

(B) in the case of a trial conducted under subsection (c)(2), the types of crops produced using the new or innovative conservation approach either directly by a producer or through an eligible entity;

(C) any results on the efficacy of the new or innovative conservation approach in achieving its intended conservation purpose;

(D) the regional applicability of the new or innovative conservation approach, including any geographic characteristics associated with the increased efficacy of the innovative conservation approach;

(E) any barriers that prevented the project from achieving the conservation benefits identified at the outset of the project;

(F) any support needed to encourage adoption of the new or innovative conservation approach by producers, including the level of technical assistance required to adopt the new or innovative conservation approach; and

(G) as appropriate, other outcomes of the project and lessons learned through the implementation of the project.

(3) ; and

(4) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), in subparagraph (A)—

(A) in clause (i)—

(i) by striking practices and inserting practices, including both management and structural practices,; and

(ii) by striking and at the end;

(B) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii);

(C) by inserting after clause (i) the following:

(ii) evaluation data for new and emerging technology and recommendations for State and regional applications; and

(C) ; and

(D) in clause (iii) (as so redesignated), by striking practices. and inserting practices for consideration through the process established under section 1242(h)(3)..

Section 1240I of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–21) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting enhancements, after practices,; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) in clause (iv), by striking and at the end;

(ii) in clause (v), by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

(vi) activities that will assist a producer in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, including enteric methane emissions.

(2) in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by striking tribal land and inserting Tribal land; and

(3) in paragraph (5)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking State, or local level as a priority for a particular area of a State and inserting State, Tribal, or local level as a priority for a particular area; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking State or region and inserting State, at a regional scale, or on Indian land.

Section 1240K(b)(1)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–23(b)(1)(A)) is amended by striking clause (iii) and inserting the following:

(iii) other consistent criteria that the Secretary determines are necessary to ensure that the program effectively—

(I) targets improvements to soil health, increases carbon sequestration, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions; and

(II) addresses other national, State, Tribal, and local priority resource concerns.

Section 1240L(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(c)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting on 1 or more types of eligible land covered by the contract after activities;

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (G) as clauses (i) through (vii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking The amount and inserting the following:

The amount

(C) in subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by striking clause (ii) (as so redesignated) and inserting the following:

(ii) Income forgone by the producer, including amounts that reflect—

(I) increased economic risk; and

(II) loss in revenue due to—

(aa) production changes;

(bb) anticipated reductions in yield;

(cc) transitioning to an organic, resource-conserving cropping or grazing, or perennial production system; or

(dd) acreage converted to conservation uses.

(C) ; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall establish a minimum payment of not less than $4,000, to be reviewed regularly and increased at the discretion of the Secretary.

(D) ; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

The Secretary shall provide payments under this subsection for conservation activities relating to—

(i) organic production; and

(ii) transitioning to organic production.

Conservation activities described in subparagraph (A) may include—

(i) generally available and specifically tailored conservation activities; and

(ii) individual conservation activities and bundles of conservation activities.

Section 1240L(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(d)) is amended—

(1) in the subsection heading, by striking Rotations and Advanced Grazing Management and inserting Rotations, Advanced Grazing Management, and Livestock Feed Management;

(2) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and

(B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:

The term livestock feed management means providing livestock with forage and feed that—

(i) manipulates and controls the quantity and quality of available nutrients, feedstuffs, ingredients, or additives fed to livestock;

(ii) minimizes excess nutrients in surface water and groundwater by reducing the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, salts, or other nutrients excreted in manure; or

(iii) reduces emissions of ammonia, odors, greenhouse gases, volatile organic components, or dust from animal feeding operations.

(3) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking or at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting; or; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(C) livestock feed management.

(C) ; and

(4) in paragraph (3), by striking rotations or advanced and inserting rotations, livestock feed management, or advanced.

Section 1240L(e)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(e)(1)) is amended—

(1) by striking the period at the end and inserting the following: “; and

(B) with respect to an organic production system—

(i) is integrated with an organic system plan approved under the national organic program established under the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.); or

(ii) allows a producer to transition to organic production systems and pursue certification under that Act.

(1) ; and

(2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (B) (as added by paragraph (1)), by striking plan that meets and inserting the following: “plan that—

(A) meets

Section 1240L(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(f)) is amended by striking fiscal years 2019 through 2023 and inserting the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 and each 5-fiscal-year period thereafter.

Section 1240L(g) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(g)) is amended by inserting, and producers transitioning to organic production systems, after organic producers.

Section 1240L(h)(2)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(h)(2)(A)) is amended by inserting, including by providing payments for conservation activities relating to organic production and transitioning to organic production under subsection (c)(6) before the period at the end.

Section 1240L(k) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(k)) is amended—

(1) by striking To the maximum and inserting the following:

To the maximum

(1) ; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

Soil testing (as defined in section 1240A) shall be eligible as a conservation activity on its own under a conservation stewardship contract under this subchapter, if the results of the soil testing are intended to be used to develop specifications or design elements required for implementing another conservation activity under the contract.

The Secretary shall prioritize nationwide collection of data to make possible site-specific interpretations of soil health test results for producers at the local level.

Subchapter B of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–21 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

In this section:

Notwithstanding section 1240I(4), the term eligible land means private land or Indian land that—

(A) is in use for livestock grazing and production purposes as of the date of enactment of this section;

(i) is native or improved pastureland with permanent vegetative cover; or

(ii) is planted to a crop planted specifically for the purpose of providing grazing for livestock, such as forage sorghum, small grains, annual planted ryegrass, or annual planted crabgrass; and

(C) is located within 1 or more States in the Lower Mississippi River Valley that encompass the Ouachita, Yazoo, or Atchafalaya River drainage basins.

The term initiative means the voluntary pastureland conservation and gulf hypoxia reduction initiative established under subsection (b).

The Secretary shall establish within the program a voluntary pastureland conservation and hypoxia reduction initiative for the purposes of, by conserving eligible land through pastureland conservation contracts under subsection (e)—

(1) assisting livestock producers in conserving and protecting soil, water, and wildlife resources; and

(2) reducing nutrient loading into the Gulf of Mexico.

Beginning in fiscal year 2024, the Secretary shall provide a 1-time election to enroll eligible land in the initiative under a contract described in subsection (e).

Subject to subsection (h), the Secretary shall—

(1) notwithstanding subsection (b) of section 1240K, determine under subsection (c) of that section that eligible land ranks sufficiently high under the evaluation criteria described in subsection (b) of that section; and

(2) enroll the eligible land in the initiative under a contract described in subsection (e).

Notwithstanding section 1240K(a)(1), to enroll eligible land in the initiative under a pastureland conservation contract, a livestock producer shall agree—

(A) to meet or exceed the stewardship threshold for not less than 2 priority resource concerns by the date on which the contract expires; and

(B) to comply with the terms and conditions of the contract.

A pastureland conservation contract shall be for a single 5-year term.

Beginning in fiscal year 2024, of the funds made available for this subchapter under section 1241(a)(3)(B), and notwithstanding any payment under section 1240L(c), the Secretary shall make annual pastureland conservation contract payments to the livestock producer of any eligible land that is the subject of a pastureland conservation contract under this section.

A pastureland conservation contract under this section shall not be subject to the payment limitations under this subchapter.

The amount of an annual payment under this subsection shall be $20 per acre.

Not more than 500,000 total acres of eligible land may be enrolled in the initiative.

Notwithstanding subsection (d), the Secretary may rank applications relating to contract offers to enroll eligible land in the initiative based on the degree to which the proposed conservation activities increase natural resource conservation and environmental benefits if—

(1) contract offers are submitted to enroll more than 400,000 acres of eligible land; and

(2) the Secretary determines such ranking of applications to be necessary to comply with the acreage limitation established by subsection (g).

The first section of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1001) is amended to read as follows:

This Act may be cited as the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act.

Congress finds that erosion, floodwater, drought, and sediment damages in the watersheds of the rivers and streams of the United States cause loss of life, declines in agricultural production, harm to fish, birds, wildlife, and recreation opportunities, and damage to property, thereby constituting a menace to the national welfare.

It is the sense of Congress that the Federal Government should cooperate with local organizations for the purposes of—

(1) preventing the damages described in subsection (b);

(2) furthering the conservation, management, development, utilization, and disposal of water, and the conservation and utilization of land; and

(3) thereby preserving, protecting, and improving land and water resources and the quality of the environment.

Section 2 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1002) is amended to read as follows:

In this Act:

The term conservation of water means a reduction in total annual consumptive water use, as compared to total annual consumptive water use before a work of improvement is carried out under this Act.

The term local organization means—

(i) any State, political subdivision of a State, soil or water conservation district, flood prevention or control district, or combination thereof; or

(ii) any other governmental agency having authority under State law to carry out, maintain, and operate a work of improvement;

(B) any irrigation district or reservoir company, water users’ association, canal company, ditch association, acequia, or similar entity, or nongovernmental organization that is not being operated for profit, with—

(i) the capacity to engage in the planning or implementation of land treatment and related conservation measures; or

(ii) the authority to construct and maintain structural measures; or

(C) any Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (as those terms are defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) having authority under Federal, State, or Indian Tribal law to carry out, maintain, and operate a work of improvement.

The term management of water means any project or activity carried out to increase the efficiency of water use, transfer, diversion, or conveyance.

The term Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture.

The term work of improvement means any undertaking carried out in a watershed or subwatershed area not exceeding 250,000 acres (including on Federal land necessary to accomplish the purposes of the undertaking) for—

(i) flood prevention (including structural and land treatment measures);

(ii) the conservation, management, development, utilization, and disposal of water; or

(iii) the conservation and proper utilization of land.

The term work of improvement does not include any single structure that provides—

(i) more than 12,500 acre-feet of floodwater detention capacity; and

(ii) more than 25,000 acre-feet of total capacity.

Each undertaking described in subparagraph (A) shall contain benefits directly related to agriculture, including communities in rural areas (as defined in section 343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a))), that account for at least 20 percent of the total benefits of the undertaking.

1 or more subwatersheds, when the subwatersheds are components of a larger watershed, may be planned together at the discretion of the local organization sponsoring the applicable undertaking.

A work of improvement may provide 2 or more public benefits or ecosystem services in addition to a purpose described in subparagraph (A).

Section 3 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (f);

(2) in subsection (a)(6), in the first sentence, by striking occupiers, individually and inserting the following: “occupiers in accordance with subsection (b).

The Secretary may enter into agreements under subsection (a)(6) with landowners, operators, and occupiers, individually

(3) in subsection (b) (as so designated)—

(A) by striking supplemented. Applications and inserting the following: “supplemented.

Applications

(B) in paragraph (2) (as so designated)—

(i) in the first sentence, by striking such conservation plans and inserting conservation plans described in paragraph (1); and

(ii) by striking such district. In return and all that follows through interest. The portion and inserting the following: “that district.

The Secretary may agree to share the costs of carrying out a work of improvement, or specific practices and measures described in such an agreement, if the Secretary determines that cost sharing is appropriate and in the public interest.

The portion

(ii) ; and

(iii) in subparagraph (B) (as so designated)—

(I) by striking programs. The Secretary and inserting the following: “programs.

The Secretary

(C) in paragraph (4) (as so designated)—

(i) in the first sentence, by striking hereunder, as he and inserting under this subsection, as the Secretary; and

(ii) by striking herein. Notwithstanding and inserting the following: “under this subsection.

Notwithstanding

(ii) ; and

(D) in paragraph (5) (as so designated)—

(i) by striking he and inserting the Secretary;

(ii) by striking paragraph and inserting subsection;

(iii) by striking hereunder for (1) preservation and inserting the following: “under this paragraph for—

(A) preservation

(iii) ; and

(iv) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by striking crop; or (2) surrender and inserting the following: “crop; or

(B) surrender

(iv) ; and

(4) by inserting after subsection (b) (as so designated) the following:

The Secretary shall provide a State Conservationist final authority to approve watershed plans for works of improvement within the State.

The Secretary and a State Conservationist shall, on the approval of the State Conservationist, allow a local organization sponsoring a work of improvement to use funds made available under this Act to pay a third party to conduct preliminary investigations and pre-planning activities relating to the work of improvement.

The Secretary may provide authority to a State Conservationist to support a streamlined process.

Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 45 days after the date on which an application for a work of improvement is submitted to the Secretary, the Secretary shall approve or disapprove the application.

The Secretary may extend the deadline described in paragraph (1) by 45 days, if necessary.

Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary may not provide funds under this Act for the costs of designing or constructing a work of improvement without an approved watershed plan.

Paragraph (1) shall not apply if—

(A) the Secretary determines that the circumstances are so exigent that not providing funds is against the public interest; or

(B) the Secretary has waived the requirement for a watershed plan under subsection (f).

Section 3A of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by inserting, as determined by the Secretary, after assistance; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

Any funds provided for a work of improvement through any Federal department or agency other than the Department of Agriculture shall be considered to be part of the non-Federal share of the cost of the work of improvement provided by the sponsor of the work of improvement.

Section 4(2) of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1004(2)) is amended by inserting management, after conservation,

The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act is amended by inserting after section 4 (16 U.S.C. 1004) the following:

No amounts shall be provided under this Act for any plan for a work of improvement involving an estimated Federal contribution to construction costs in excess of $50,000,000, or that includes any structure that provides more than 2,500 acre-feet of total capacity, unless, not less than 90 days before amounts are provided for the plan, the Secretary submits to the appropriate committees of Congress described in subsection (b) a notice of the approval of the plan, including a description of the justification for the approval and a copy of the plan.

The appropriate committees of Congress referred to in subsection (a) are—

(1) in the case of a plan involving no single structure providing more than 4,000 acre-feet of total capacity, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and

(2) in the case of a plan involving any single structure providing more than 4,000 acre-feet of total capacity, the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.

The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 4A (as added by subsection (f)) the following:

Subject to the requirements of this Act, the Secretary shall—

(1) review and update as necessary the engineering standards and requirements to be used for works of improvement under this Act; and

(2) in collaboration with each State Conservationist and State technical committee established under section 1261(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3861(a)), review and update as necessary the acceptable variances from national engineering standards that are appropriate alternatives suited to the geomorphology of, and purpose for which works of improvement are established within, each State.

A State Conservationist and State technical committee engaged in collaboration pursuant to subsection (a)(2) may consult with local municipalities undertaking works of improvement within that State under this Act.

Section 5(1) of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1005(1)) is amended—

(1) by inserting, in consultation with the State Conservationist, after and the Secretary; and

(2) by inserting : Provided further, That if insufficient data exists to monetize the benefits of wildlife habitat or water quality improvement against the costs, these benefits shall be quantified to the extent practicable and described in sufficient detail to be considered against the cost before the period at the end.

Section 7 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (68 Stat. 668, chapter 656; 74 Stat. 131; 76 Stat. 610) is amended, in the last proviso, by inserting management, after conservation,.

Section 8 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1006a) is amended, in the last sentence, by striking five million dollars and inserting $10,000,000.

Section 13 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1010) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking collect and maintain and inserting collect, maintain, and publish on the website of the Department of Agriculture; and

(2) in paragraph (1), by striking control and conservation and inserting control, conservation, and drought resilience.

Section 11 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1001 note; 68 Stat. 668; 70 Stat. 1090) is repealed.

The Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 1977 (16 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.) is amended—

(1) in section 5(e) (16 U.S.C. 2004(e)), by striking and December 31, 2022 and inserting December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2028, and every 5 years thereafter;

(2) in section 6(d) (16 U.S.C. 2005(d)), by inserting, and December 31, 2029, and every 5 years thereafter after 2023; and

(3) in section 7 (16 U.S.C. 2006)—

(A) in subsection (a), by striking and 2022 and inserting 2022, 2028, and every 5 years thereafter; and

(B) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking and 2023 and inserting 2023, 2029, and every 5 years thereafter.

Section 10 of the Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 1977 (16 U.S.C. 2009) is repealed.

Section 401 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2201) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting and other emergency conservation measures after fencing;

(B) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by inserting or other emergency measures to restore farmland or replace conservation structures requiring an immediate response (as determined by the Secretary), after replacement of fencing,; and

(ii) by striking option of receiving and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following:

(ii) option of receiving, before the agricultural producer carries out the repair, replacement, or restoration—

(A) with respect to a payment to the agricultural producer for a replacement, 75 percent of the cost of the replacement, as determined by the Secretary based on the fair market value of the cost of the replacement using the estimated cost of the applicable practice published in the Field Office Technical Guide of each State by the Natural Resources Conservation Service or other appropriate and comparable guidance document, as determined by the Secretary; and

(B) with respect to a payment to the agricultural producer for a repair or restoration, 50 percent of the cost of the repair or restoration, as determined by the Secretary based on the fair market value of the cost of the repair or restoration using the estimated cost of the applicable practice published in the Field Office Technical Guide of each State by the Natural Resources Conservation Service or other appropriate and comparable guidance document, as determined by the Secretary.

(ii) ; and

(C) in paragraph (2), by striking 60-day and inserting 180-day; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

A wildfire that causes damage eligible for a payment under subsection (a) includes—

(1) a wildfire that is not caused naturally if the damage is caused by the spread of the wildfire due to natural causes; and

(2) a wildfire that is caused by an action directly performed by the Federal Government.

Title IV of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 is amended by inserting after section 402B (16 U.S.C. 2202b) the following:

An agricultural producer eligible to receive payments under sections 401 and 402 includes a person that—

(A) holds a permit or lease from the Federal Government to conduct agricultural production or grazing on Federal land; or

(B) holds a permit or leases land from a State or unit of local government to conduct agricultural production or grazing on that land.

Nothing in this subsection authorizes the Secretary to make a payment under section 401 or 402 to the Federal Government, a State, or a unit of local government.

Emergency measures eligible for payments under sections 401 and 402 include—

(1) new permanent or temporary measures, including permanent water wells and permanent or temporary surface or aboveground pipelines and watering facilities; and

(2) replacement or restoration of existing emergency measures with permanent or temporary measures, including permanent water wells and permanent or temporary surface or aboveground pipelines and watering facilities.

Section 403 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2203) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through The Secretary and inserting the following:

The Secretary

(A) ; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

A floodplain easement acquired by the Secretary under this section may be used—

(A) to restore, protect, maintain, and enhance the hydrologic and other functions of wetlands and associated land, riparian areas, and stream channels;

(B) to conserve natural values, including fish and wildlife habitat, water quality, flood water retention, and groundwater recharge; and

(C) to safeguard lives and property from floods, drought, and the products of erosion.

The Secretary may restore the hydrologic and other functions and values of wetlands on floodplain easements acquired by the Secretary under this section.

The Secretary shall restore, protect, manage, maintain, enhance, and monitor floodplain easements acquired by the Secretary under this section.

The Secretary may authorize, in writing and subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe in the sole discretion of the Secretary, the use by the landowner for compatible uses of the area of a floodplain easement acquired by the Secretary under this section, if the Secretary determines that the use is consistent with the long-term protection and enhancement of the floodplain, riparian, wetland, and associated land, and other natural values of the easement area.

Except in the case of a floodplain easement acquired by the Secretary under this section and as provided in subparagraph (B), not later than 1 year after the date on which funds are obligated to a State Conservationist for emergency watershed protection measures under this section, construction of the emergency watershed protection measures shall be completed.

If the Secretary determines that an exigent situation exists, subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting 30 days for 1 year.

(2) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through the The Secretary in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

The Secretary

(2) ; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

In this subsection, the term sponsor means—

(A) a State or local government; and

(B) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)).

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall—

(A) identify a list of emergency watershed protection measures the cost of which may be incurred by a sponsor prior to entering into an agreement with the Secretary under this section; and

(B) develop a procedure, including appropriate deadlines, to be implemented at the State level, through which a sponsor may request, for a specified natural disaster, additional emergency watershed protection measures the cost of which may be incurred by a sponsor prior to entering into an agreement with the Secretary under this section.

If the Secretary and a sponsor enter into an agreement under this section, the Secretary shall consider any applicable preagreement costs incurred by the sponsor for undertaking emergency watershed protection measures identified under paragraph (2) as meeting part of the contribution of the sponsor toward the cost of the project.

A sponsor that undertakes emergency watershed protection measures prior to entering into an agreement with the Secretary under this section shall assume the risk of incurring any cost of undertaking those measures.

Nothing in this subsection requires the Secretary to enter into an agreement with a sponsor.

Section 407 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2206) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively;

(B) by inserting before paragraph (3) (as so redesignated) the following:

The term eligible entity means—

(A) with respect to nonindustrial private forest land or industrial private forest land—

(i) an owner of the nonindustrial private forest land or industrial private forest land; or

(ii) a person that—

(I) receives concurrence from the landowner to carry out emergency measures in lieu of the owner; and

(II) holds a lease on the land for a minimum of 10 years;

(B) with respect to Federal forest land, a person that holds a permit or lease from the Federal Government to conduct livestock grazing on the Federal forest land; and

(C) with respect to forest land owned by a State or a unit of local government, a person that holds a permit or leases land from the State or unit of local government to conduct livestock grazing on that forest land.

The term eligible land means—

(A) nonindustrial private forest land or industrial private forest land;

(B) Federal forest land on which livestock grazing is authorized through a permit or lease; and

(C) forest land owned by a State or unit of local government on which livestock grazing is authorized through a permit or lease.

(C) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking nonindustrial private forest land and inserting eligible land; and

(D) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking wildfires, and inserting wildfires (including a wildfire that is not caused naturally if the damage is caused by the spread of the wildfire due to natural causes and a wildfire that is caused by the Federal Government),;

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) by striking an owner of nonindustrial private forest land who and inserting an eligible entity that; and

(B) by striking restore the land and inserting restore eligible land;

(3) in subsection (c)—

(A) by striking owner must and inserting eligible entity shall; and

(B) by striking nonindustrial private forest land and inserting eligible land;

(4) in subsection (d), by striking an owner of nonindustrial private forest land and inserting an eligible entity;

(5) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (g); and

(6) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:

The Secretary shall give an eligible entity the option of receiving, before the eligible entity carries out emergency measures under this section, not more than 75 percent of the cost of the emergency measures, as determined by the Secretary based on the fair market value of the cost of the emergency measures using the estimated cost of the applicable practice published in the Field Office Technical Guide of each State by the Natural Resources Conservation Service or other appropriate and comparable guidance document, as determined by the Secretary.

If the funds provided under paragraph (1) are not expended by the end of the 2-year period beginning on the date on which the eligible entity receives those funds, the funds shall be returned within a reasonable timeframe, as determined by the Secretary.

Nothing in this section authorizes the Secretary to make a payment under this section to the Federal Government, a State, or a unit of local government.

Section 1240M of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb) is amended—

(1) in subsection (c)(1)—

(A) in subparagraph (H), by striking and at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(J) supporting planning, management, and coordination of grazing in agrivoltaic systems.

(C) ; and

(2) in subsection (e), by striking each of fiscal years 2002 through 2023 and inserting fiscal year 2002 and each fiscal year thereafter.

Section 1240O(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb–2(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking each of fiscal years 2008 through 2023 and inserting fiscal year 2008 and each fiscal year thereafter; and

(2) in paragraph (3)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking and at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(C) $5,000,000 beginning in fiscal year 2025 and every 5 fiscal years thereafter, to remain available until expended.

Section 1240R(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb–5(f)(1)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by striking and after 2023,; and

(B) by inserting, and $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 before the period at the end; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by inserting and $3,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 after 2023.

Section 2408 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 8351 note; Public Law 115–334) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking pilot;

(2) in subsection (a), by striking pilot program and inserting program (referred to in this section as the program);

(3) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking pilot;

(B) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking the pilot areas and inserting eligible areas;

(C) in paragraph (4), by striking pilot and inserting eligible;

(D) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; and

(E) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

(3) after the Secretary determines that feral swine have been eradicated from an eligible area, ensure that the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Natural Resources Conservation Service continue monitoring that area for the reoccurrence of feral swine for a period of 1 year;

(4) in each of subsections (c), (e), (f), and (g), by striking pilot program each place it appears and inserting program;

(5) in subsection (c)(1), by striking the pilot areas and inserting eligible areas;

(6) in subsection (e), in the subsection heading, by striking pilot and inserting eligible;

(7) in subsection (g)(1)—

(A) by striking 2023 and and inserting 2023,; and

(B) by inserting, and $75,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 before the period at the end; and

(8) by adding at the end the following:

Not less than 2 years, and not later than 4 years and 6 months, after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, acting jointly, shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture a report that—

(1) describes, for the period beginning on the date of the establishment of the program and ending on the date of the submission of the report—

(A) activities carried out under the program, including—

(i) the number of counties in which feral swine are no longer present; and

(ii) estimated reductions in agriculture and natural resource damage, and improvements to human and livestock health and safety, as a result of feral swine removal;

(B) the use of funding made available under this section, including the number of counties in each State provided funding; and

(C) the roles of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Natural Resources Conservation Service and agricultural producers provided financial assistance under this section in carrying out activities under the program; and

(2) includes—

(A) a determination by the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service as to the extent to which the program has been successful; and

(B) any recommendations for improvements to the program.

The table of contents for the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4491) is amended by striking the item relating to section 2408 and inserting the following:

Section 2409(a) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4575) is amended by striking 2014 through 2018 and inserting 2019 through 2023.

Section 2507 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb–6) is amended—

(1) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.

Any funds made available to carry out this section before December 20, 2018, may remain available until expended.

(1) ; and

(2) by striking subsection (f).

Section 205 of the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act (43 U.S.C. 1595) is amended—

(1) by striking the section designation and all that follows through (a) The Secretary and inserting the following:

The Secretary

(2) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

In recognition of Federal responsibility for the Colorado River as an interstate stream and for international comity with Mexico, Federal ownership of the land of the Colorado River Basin from which most of the dissolved salts originate, and the policy established in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and except as provided in clause (ii), the following shall be nonreimbursable:

(I) 75 percent of the total costs of construction and replacement of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by section 202(a)(1), including 90 percent of—

(aa) the costs of operation and maintenance of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by that section; and

(bb) the total costs of construction, operation, and maintenance of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

(II) 75 percent of the total costs of construction and replacement of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by section 202(a)(2), including 100 percent of—

(aa) the costs of operation and maintenance of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by that section; and

(bb) the total costs of construction, operation, and maintenance of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

(III) 75 percent of the total costs of construction, operation, maintenance, and replacement of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by section 202(a)(3), including 75 percent of the total costs of construction, operation, and maintenance of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

(IV) 70 percent of the total costs of construction, operation, maintenance, and replacement of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by paragraphs (4) and (6) of section 202(a), including 70 percent of the total costs of construction, operation, and maintenance of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

(V) 70 percent of the total costs of construction and replacement of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by section 202(a)(5), including 100 percent of—

(aa) the costs of operation and maintenance of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by that section; and

(bb) the total costs of construction, operation, and maintenance of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

(VI) 85 percent of the total costs of implementation of the on-farm measures authorized by section 202(c), including 85 percent of the total costs of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

Notwithstanding clause (i), for each of fiscal years 2024 and 2025, the following shall be nonreimbursable:

(I) 75 percent of all costs described in clause (i)(I).

(II) 75 percent of all costs described in clause (i)(II).

(III) 70 percent of all costs described in clause (i)(V).

(IV) The percentages of all costs described in subclauses (III), (IV), and (VI) of clause (i).

The total costs remaining after the allocations under clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall be reimbursable as provided for in paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (5).

(3) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through Costs of construction in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

Costs of construction

(4) in subsection (c), by striking (c) Costs of construction and inserting the following:

Costs of construction

(4) ; and

(5) in subsection (e), by striking (e) The Secretary is and inserting the following:

The Secretary is

Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 is amended by inserting after section 1240O (16 U.S.C. 3939bb–2) the following:

In this section:

the term Chesapeake Bay watershed means—

(A) the portions of the States of Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia that contain the tributaries, backwaters, and side channels, including their watersheds, that drain into the Chesapeake Bay; and

(B) the District of Columbia.

The term most effective basins means the local rivers and streams located within the Chesapeake Bay watershed that are identified by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency as being most beneficial to the downstream Chesapeake Bay if prioritized for water quality improvement.

The Secretary shall carry out a Chesapeake Bay States' Partnership Initiative (referred to in this section as the Initiative) to assist producers in implementing conservation activities on agricultural land in the Chesapeake Bay watershed for the purposes of—

(1) improving water quality and quantity in the Chesapeake Bay watershed;

(2) restoring, enhancing, and preserving soil, air, and related resources in the Chesapeake Bay watershed; and

(3) increasing the resilience of agricultural production in the Chesapeake Bay watershed to withstand the impacts of climate change.

The Secretary shall deliver the funds made available to carry out this section through applicable programs under this subtitle, including by providing enrollment opportunities that are targeted to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, to assist producers in enhancing land and water resources—

(1) by controlling erosion and reducing sediment and nutrient levels in ground and surface water; and

(2) by planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating habitat conservation, restoration, and enhancement measures where there is significant ecological value if the land is—

(A) retained in its current use; or

(B) restored to its natural condition.

In delivering the funds made available to carry out this section, the Secretary shall give special consideration to applications—

(1) submitted by producers in the most effective basins; or

(2) to carry out conservation activities that reduce nitrogen and sediment, improve management of livestock and waste, and conserve wetlands.

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—

(1) where available, use existing plans, models, and assessments to assist producers in implementing conservation activities; and

(2) proceed expeditiously to deliver funding to a producer to implement conservation activities that are consistent with State strategies for the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

The Secretary shall—

(1) in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies, ensure conservation activities carried out under this section complement Federal, State, and local programs, including programs that address water quality, in the Chesapeake Bay watershed; and

(2) in carrying out this section, coordinate with the Farm Service Agency to identify needs and opportunities for buffer management on land subject to a contract under the conservation reserve program under subchapter B of chapter 1 that may be expiring soon.

The Secretary and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall jointly establish a Federal task force, to be known as the Task Force on Crediting Chesapeake Bay Conservation Investments (referred to in this subsection as the task force).

The task force shall develop an action plan that—

(A) identifies improvements to the processes of analyzing, reporting, and quantifying nutrient reductions from the conservation activities in the Chesapeake Bay watershed;

(B) is responsive to the needs of States in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (including the District of Columbia) and the agricultural community;

(C) maintains the scientific integrity of the decision-making process and accounting tools under the Initiative and the Chesapeake Bay Program (as defined in section 117(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1267(a))); and

(D) ensures producer privacy is protected.

The task force shall leverage findings from successful data sharing pilots to identify opportunities to integrate time-saving technologies for the implementation of conservation activities under this section.

Of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available until expended.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each fiscal year.

The Secretary may use to carry out this section amounts made available for the programs described in paragraphs (3) through (6) of section 1241(a) for any fiscal year that remain unobligated at the end of that fiscal year.

Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

The Secretary shall establish a Driftless Area Landscape Conservation Initiative to reduce erosion and restore cold water stream corridors in the Driftless Area of the Midwestern United States, with a focus on climate-smart agriculture, carbon sequestration, soil health, and ecological restoration.

In carrying out the initiative established under this section, the Secretary shall provide assistance to producers to implement practices—

(A) to manage working land for year-round ground cover to rebuild soil, sequester carbon, improve water quality, increase water holding capacity of soil, reduce soil erosion, and mitigate flooding and other climate impacts;

(B) to manage woodland for increased biodiversity to improve the health of the woodland to provide habitat and sequester carbon;

(C) to restore prairies and manage grassland, oak savannas, and barrens to expand habitat and sequester carbon; and

(D) to restore cold water streams by reducing stream bank erosion and threats of flooding while improving trout habitat.

In carrying out the initiative established under this section, the Secretary shall provide assistance to partnerships to educate landowners and operators on the benefits of climate-smart agriculture, soil health, and holistic grazing, with a focus on equity.

The Secretary may provide assistance under this section in the form of financial assistance, technical assistance, and payments for the conveyance of easements to the Secretary, under such terms as the Secretary may establish.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each fiscal year.

The Secretary may use to carry out this section amounts made available for the programs described in paragraphs (3) through (6) of section 1241(a) for any fiscal year that remain unobligated at the end of that fiscal year.

In this section, the term Northeastern United States means the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, and any other States determined by the Secretary.

The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall expand the snow survey and water supply forecasting program carried out by the Natural Resources Conservation Service to serve the Northeastern United States.

Section 1241 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841) is amended—

(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:

The Secretary shall use the funds, facilities, and authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out the programs described in this subsection, including the provision of technical assistance.

For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, using the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall carry out the conservation reserve program under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D, to the maximum extent practicable, including using $60,000,000 to provide payments under section 1234(c).

Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out the agricultural conservation easement program under subtitle H, to the maximum extent practicable—

(i) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;

(ii) $540,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;

(iii) $540,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;

(iv) $570,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;

(v) $570,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;

(vi) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;

(vii) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;

(viii) $675,000,000 for fiscal year 2031;

(ix) $675,000,000 for fiscal year 2032; and

(x) $750,000,000 for fiscal year 2033 and each fiscal year thereafter.

Of the funds made available by subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 80 percent to carry out the purposes described in section 21001(a)(3) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2016).

Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out the environmental quality incentives program under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D, to the maximum extent practicable—

(i) $2,025,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;

(ii) $2,575,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;

(iii) $2,575,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;

(iv) $2,675,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;

(v) $2,675,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;

(vi) $2,775,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;

(vii) $2,775,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;

(viii) $2,975,000,000 for fiscal year 2031;

(ix) $2,975,000,000 for fiscal year 2032; and

(x) $3,225,000,000 for fiscal year 2033 and each fiscal year thereafter.

Of the funds made available by subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 60 percent to carry out the purposes described in section 21001(a)(1) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2015).

The use of amounts described in subparagraph (B) shall be subject to the conditions described in section 21001(a)(1)(B) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2015).

Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out the conservation stewardship program under subchapter B of chapter 4 of subtitle D, to the maximum extent practicable—

(i) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;

(ii) $1,200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;

(iii) $1,200,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;

(iv) $1,250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;

(v) $1,250,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;

(vi) $1,325,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;

(vii) $1,325,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;

(viii) $1,450,000,000 for fiscal year 2031;

(ix) $1,450,000,000 for fiscal year 2032; and

(x) $1,550,000,000 for fiscal year 2033 and each fiscal year thereafter.

Of the funds made available by subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 50 percent to carry out the purposes described in section 21001(a)(2) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2016).

The use of amounts described in subparagraph (B) shall be subject to the conditions described in section 21001(a)(2)(B) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2016).

Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use such sums as are necessary to administer contracts entered into before December 20, 2018, under the conservation stewardship program under subchapter B of chapter 2 of subtitle D (as in effect on December 19, 2018).

Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out the regional conservation partnership program under subtitle I, to the maximum extent practicable—

(i) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;

(ii) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;

(iii) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;

(iv) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;

(v) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;

(vi) $800,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;

(vii) $800,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;

(viii) $900,000,000 for fiscal year 2031;

(ix) $900,000,000 for fiscal year 2032; and

(x) $1,050,000,000 for fiscal year 2033 and each fiscal year thereafter.

Of the funds made available by subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 80 percent to carry out the purposes described in section 21001(a)(4) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2016).

The use of amounts described in subparagraph (B) shall be subject to the conditions described in section 21001(a)(4)(B) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2016).

(1) ; and

(2) in subsection (b), by striking fiscal years 2014 through 2031 and inserting fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year thereafter.

The unobligated balances of amounts appropriated by section 21001(a) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2015) are rescinded.

Section 1241(h) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(h)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(B)—

(A) in the subparagraph heading, by striking Fiscal years 2019 through 2031 and inserting Subsequent fiscal years; and

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking each of fiscal years 2019 through 2031 and inserting fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking and, in the case of fiscal years 2019 through 2031, and inserting and.

Section 1241(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(i)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking each of calendar years 2019 through 2023 and inserting calendar year 2019 and each calendar year thereafter.

Section 1241(j)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(j)(1)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking and at the end;

(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

(D) a schedule for the revision of existing, and establishment of new, conservation practice standards under section 1242(h).

Section 1242 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs (2) and (4), respectively;

(B) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so redesignated) the following:

The term approved non-Federal certifying entity means a non-Federal entity approved by the Secretary under subsection (e)(5)(C)(ii) to perform certifications of third-party providers under this section.

(B) ; and

(C) by inserting after paragraph (2) (as so redesignated) the following:

The term farmer-to-farmer network means any affiliation or association of farmers that share information, technical assistance, or any other type of mutually beneficial support.

(2) in subsection (b), by striking science-based, site-specific practices designed and inserting timely, science-based, and site-specific practice design and implementation assistance;

(3) in subsection (d), by inserting (including private sector entities) after non-Federal entities;

(4) in subsection (e)—

(A) in paragraph (2), by striking Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 and inserting Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024;

(B) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking ensure and all that follows through engineering, and inserting ensure that third-party providers with expertise in the technical aspects of conservation planning, watershed planning, environmental engineering, conservation practice design, implementation, and evaluation, or other technical skills, as determined by the Secretary,; and

(C) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5) and inserting the following:

The Secretary shall certify a third-party provider through—

(A) a certification process administered by the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service;

(B) a non-Federal entity (other than a State agency) approved by the Secretary to perform the certification; or

(C) a State agency with State statutory authority to certify, administer, or license professionals in one or more fields of natural resources, agriculture, or engineering approved by the Secretary to perform the certification.

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall establish a process for the certification of third-party providers through approved non-Federal certifying entities, with the goal of increasing third-party provider capacity, including the certification of qualified agricultural retailers, cooperatives, professional societies, service providers, and organizations described in section 1265A(3)(B)(i).

In determining the eligibility of an entity described in subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (4) (referred to in this paragraph as a non-Federal entity) to perform certifications, the Secretary shall consider—

(i) the ability and capacity of the non-Federal entity to assess qualifications of a third-party provider and certify third-party providers at scale;

(ii) the experience of the non-Federal entity in working with third-party providers and eligible participants;

(iii) the expertise of the non-Federal entity in the technical and science-based aspects of conservation delivery described in paragraph (3)(A);

(iv) the history of the non-Federal entity in working with agricultural producers; and

(v) such other qualifications as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

Not later than 40 business days after the date on which the Secretary receives an application submitted by a non-Federal entity to perform certifications of third-party providers under this section, the Secretary shall—

(i) determine if the non-Federal entity meets the eligibility requirements established under subparagraph (B); and

(ii) if the Secretary makes a positive determination under clause (i), approve the non-Federal entity to perform certifications of third-party providers under this section.

Not later than 10 business days after the date on which the Secretary receives a notification submitted by a third-party provider that the third-party provider has been certified by an approved non-Federal certifying entity to provide technical assistance for specified practices and conservation activities, the Secretary shall—

(i) review the certification; and

(ii) if the certification is satisfactory to the Secretary, include the name of the third-party provider on the registry of certified third-party providers maintained by the Secretary.

An approved non-Federal certifying entity shall—

(i) assess the ability of a third-party provider to appropriately provide technical assistance to eligible participants for specified practices and conservation activities; and

(ii) provide to third-party providers certified by the approved non-Federal certifying entity—

(I) training to ensure that the third-party providers are qualified to provide the technical assistance described in clause (i); and

(II) continuing education, as appropriate, to ensure that the third-party providers are educated in the most recent technical- and science-based aspects of conservation delivery.

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall provide a streamlined certification process for a third-party provider that has an appropriate specialty certification, including a certified crop advisor certified by the American Society of Agronomy, a professional engineer, or a holder of a technical certification approved by the Secretary.

(5) in subsection (f)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting and for the purpose of carrying out subsection (k) before the period at the end;

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting or an approved non-Federal certifying entity after third-party provider;

(C) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and additionally thereafter at the discretion of the Secretary, the Secretary shall—

(A) review certification requirements for third-party providers;

(B) make any adjustments considered necessary by the Secretary to improve participation and the quality and effectiveness of conservation practices implemented and adopted with support from technical service providers; and

(C) conduct outreach to and receive input from third-party providers, both that currently participate in the program under this section and those that no longer participate in the program, and entities, organizations, and associations providing or supporting consultative services to agriculture, livestock, and forest producers to assess barriers and opportunities for the use of third-party provider assistance for improved conservation program delivery.

(D) in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by inserting maintenance, after outreach,; and

(E) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:

The Secretary shall establish fair and reasonable amounts of payments for technical services provided by third-party providers at rates equivalent to, but that do not exceed, technical assistance provided by the Secretary.

In determining fair and reasonable payment amounts under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider specialized equipment, frequency of site visits, training, travel and transportation, and such other factors as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

A payment provided under another Federal program directly to an eligible participant for technical assistance provided by a third-party provider certified under this section shall be—

(i) excluded from cost-sharing requirements under the program under which the payment was provided; and

(ii) equal to not more than 100 percent of the fair and reasonable payment amount for the applicable technical assistance determined under subparagraph (B).

Not later than 1 year after the date of establishment of the processes under paragraphs (5)(A) and (6) of subsection (e), and routinely thereafter, the Secretary shall provide accessible public information on—

(A) funds obligated to third-party providers through—

(i) contracts entered into between eligible participants and individual third-party providers; and

(ii) agreements with public and private sector entities to secure third-party technical assistance;

(B) certification results, including—

(i) the number of third-party providers certified by the Secretary;

(ii) the number of approved non-Federal certifying entities;

(iii) the number of third-party providers certified through approved non-Federal certifying entities; and

(iv) the number of third-party providers certified based on State agency or professional association credentialing; and

(C) the estimated number of staff hours or full-time equivalents saved through work accomplished by third-party providers.

(6) in subsection (h)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting Establishment and before Review;

(B) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in subparagraph (A)—

(I) by striking not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 and inserting not less frequently than once every 5 years;

(II) by inserting on a rolling basis, after standard,; and

(III) by striking that Act and inserting the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024;

(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking and at the end;

(iii) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(iv) by adding at the end the following:

(E) provide an opportunity for public input on each conservation practice standard under review;

(F) publicly post a summary of comments received under subparagraph (E) and decisions made or not made due to those comments; and

(G) publish each revised conservation practice standard.

(C) in paragraph (2), by inserting Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, Native Hawaiian organizations, after nongovernmental organizations,;

(D) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall—

(i) develop, for the programs under this title, a streamlined, publicly accessible, administrative process for establishing, including proposing, reviewing, and adopting, interim conservation practice standards and conservation practice standards; and

(ii) publish a detailed description of the process developed under clause (i), including—

(I) specific thresholds appropriate for expedited review; and

(II) an associated timeline for the implementation of the review.

Under the process established under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall—

(i) consider conservation innovations, scientific and technological advancements, and traditional ecological knowledge, including from projects developed under section 1240H;

(ii) allow State, local, and Tribal flexibility in the creation of—

(I) interim conservation practice standards and supplements to existing conservation practice standards to address the considerations described in clause (i); and

(II) partnership-led proposals for new and innovative techniques to facilitate implementing agreements and grants under this title;

(iii) solicit regular input from State technical committees established under section 1261(a) for recommendations that identify innovations or advancements described in clause (i); and

(iv) allow for public submission of proposals for consideration as interim conservation practice standards.

Under the process established under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall make publicly available information describing—

(i) what constitutes—

(I) a conservation practice standard; and

(II) an interim conservation practice standard;

(ii) the process by which the public can submit to the Secretary proposals for consideration as interim conservation practice standards, including a template and written instructions for how to submit a conservation practice for consideration;

(iii) the data, metrics, third-party or scientific information, and other relevant information that the Secretary needs to consider in the establishment of interim conservation practice standards;

(iv) the process by which an interim conservation practice standard becomes a conservation practice standard;

(v) the means by which the public can engage State technical committees established under section 1261(a) to consider interim conservation practice standards already in effect in other States; and

(vi) such other information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(E) in paragraph (4)—

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—

(I) by striking Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 and inserting Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024; and

(II) by striking Congress a report on— and inserting Congress and make publicly available on a website of the Department of Agriculture a report describing—;

(ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting a detailed description of before the administrative;

(iii) in subparagraph (B)—

(I) by striking or revised; and

(II) by striking and at the end;

(iv) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(v) by adding at the end the following:

(D) such other information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate with respect to improving the process for reviewing and establishing conservation practice standards.

(v) ; and

(F) by adding at the end the following:

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary shall—

(A) complete a review of conservation practice standards in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this paragraph to consider any revisions to conservation practice standards, including for feed management, or new conservation practice standards that would be appropriate to assist in reducing enteric methane emissions;

(B) revise appropriate conservation practice standards in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this paragraph as necessary to assist in reducing enteric methane emissions; and

(C) establish any appropriate new conservation practice standards to assist in reducing enteric methane emissions.

(F) ; and

(7) by adding at the end the following:

In this subsection, the term Native entity means—

(A) an Indian Tribe; and

(B) a conservation-focused Native Hawaiian organization.

The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, fully incorporate Native traditional ecological knowledge into the conservation practice standards, including the Native conservation practice standards developed under paragraph (3).

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall establish in each service area office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service a working group consisting of—

(i) a representative from the applicable State technical committee established under section 1261(a);

(ii) the applicable State Conservationist of the Natural Resources Conservation Service; and

(iii) a designated representative from each Native entity within the service area that elects to participate.

Each working group established under subparagraph (A) shall develop technical standards based on Native traditional ecological knowledge to be—

(i) recognized as Native conservation practice standards for the applicable service area; and

(ii) incorporated into the Natural Resources Conservation Service field office technical guide for the applicable service area.

The purposes of this subsection are—

(A) to build capacity for farmer-to-farmer networks, connect farmers with mentors or group learning opportunities, and support goal setting to increase long-term adoption of consistent, science-based, site-specific practices designed to achieve conservation objectives on land active in agricultural, forestry, or related uses;

(B) to increase the provision of technical assistance that meets the specific needs of, and is accessible to, farmers, ranchers, and forest owners using different farming models, practices, and scales; and

(C) to establish and steward farmer-to-farmer networks.

The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements with eligible entities to carry out the purposes described in paragraph (1).

An entity eligible to enter into a cooperative agreement with the Secretary under subparagraph (A) is—

(i) a nonprofit entity described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of that Code;

(ii) a farmer-to-farmer network;

(iii) an Indian Tribe;

(iv) a Tribal organization;

(v) a Native Hawaiian organization, including the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs;

(vi) a unit of local government (including a conservation district and a conservation district association);

(vii) an institution of higher education;

(viii) a State; and

(ix) any other entity designated by the Secretary.

In selecting eligible entities with which to enter into cooperative agreements under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall give priority to eligible entities that seek to meet the specific needs of, and are accessible to—

(i) historically underserved farmers, ranchers, and forest owners, including limited-resource farmers, ranchers, and forest owners; or

(ii) farmers, ranchers, and forest owners operating in high-poverty areas.

If an eligible entity provides assistance to establish a farmer-to-farmer network using assistance provided through a cooperative agreement under paragraph (2), the eligible entity shall be responsible for not less than 2 of the following actions:

(i) Facilitating and increasing farmer access to farmer-to-farmer networks.

(ii) Facilitating mentor and mentee matchmaking among farmers.

(iii) Coordinating training and resources to build the skills of farmer-to-farmer network leaders and participants for effective education, grassroots-based learning, and cross-training with respect to the facilitation of, information about, and other skills with respect to building effective farmer-to-farmer networks.

(iv) Maintaining and promulgating a list of relevant entities, associations, and individuals that are supporting, or have an interest in supporting, farmer-to-farmer networks.

(v) Administering subawards to increase farmer access to farmer-to-farmer assistance in accordance with paragraph (4).

(vi) Other actions determined appropriate by the Secretary.

If an eligible entity provides assistance described in subparagraph (A) to a non-English speaking farmer, rancher, or forest owner, the eligible entity shall, to the greatest extent practicable, provide that assistance in the native language of the farmer, rancher, or forest owner.

If an eligible entity awards a subaward pursuant to paragraph (3)(A)(v) to an eligible subawardee described in subparagraph (B), the eligible subawardee shall use that award—

(i) to plan and conduct events, and identify and develop innovative activities, to support building capacity for farmer-to-farmer networks, connecting farmers with mentors or group learning opportunities, and supporting goal setting to increase long-term adoption of consistent, science-based, site-specific conservation objectives on land active in agricultural, forestry, or related uses; and

(ii) to compensate participants in the events and activities described in clause (i) at market rates.

An entity eligible for a subaward under paragraph (3)(A)(v) is—

(i) a nonprofit entity described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of that Code;

(ii) a farmer-to-farmer network;

(iii) an Indian Tribe;

(iv) a Tribal organization;

(v) a Native Hawaiian organization (as defined in section 6207 of the Native Hawaiian Education Act (20 U.S.C. 7517));

(vi) a unit of local government (including a conservation district and a conservation district association);

(vii) an institution of higher education;

(viii) an individual; and

(ix) any other entity designated by the Secretary.

The Secretary, in conjunction with the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall establish any necessary additional requirements for subawards under paragraph (3)(A)(v).

In carrying out the conservation programs under this title, the Secretary may provide technical assistance under those programs to farmers growing crops below or in tandem with solar energy systems.

Section 1244 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844) is amended—

(1) in subsection (f)(4), by adding at the end the following:

The limitations established under paragraph (1) shall not apply to land enrolled in the State acres for wildlife enhancement practice under section 1231(d)(6)(A)(i)(IV).

(2) in subsection (m), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking subtitle D and and all that follows through the Secretary shall and inserting subtitle D, the environmental quality incentives program under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D, and the agricultural conservation easement program under subtitle H, and in entering into alternative funding arrangements under the regional conservation partnership program under section 1271C(d), the Secretary shall; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

In carrying out any conservation program administered by the Secretary, the Secretary may, as appropriate, encourage—

(1) the conservation of landscape corridors and hydrologic connectivity, where native fish, wildlife, and plant species and ecological processes can transition from one habitat to another, in order to conserve native biodiversity and ensure resiliency against impacts from a range of stressors; and

(2) the use of conservation practices that support the development, restoration, and maintenance of landscape corridors and hydrologic connectivity.

Subtitle E of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (referred to in this section as the Secretary), in collaboration with the Secretary of Energy (including the Solar Energy Technologies Office) and the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development, shall—

(1) develop both national and regionally relevant guidance on best practices for protection of soil health and productivity during the siting, construction, operation, and decommissioning of solar energy systems on agricultural land, which shall include—

(A) guidance for—

(i) soil carbon and soil health;

(ii) water management;

(iii) vegetation management, including types of plants best suited for pollinators; and

(iv) other practices, as determined appropriate by the Secretary; and

(B) regional considerations for each type of guidance described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (A); and

(2) make the guidance developed under paragraph (1) publicly available on the website of the Natural Resources Conservation Service.

The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, shall—

(1) update guidance developed under subsection (a)(1) not less frequently than once every 2 years; and

(2) ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, the completeness and relevance of that guidance.

In conducting the review under subsection (b), the Secretary shall consult with eligible participants, State technical committees established under section 1261(a), crop consultants, cooperative extension and land grant universities, nongovernmental organizations, industry, and other qualified entities.

Section 1265A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865a) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)—

(i) in clause (i)—

(I) by striking an eligible entity the first place it appears and inserting one or more eligible entities; and

(II) by striking an eligible entity owns or is and inserting one or more of those eligible entities own or are;

(ii) in clause (ii)—

(I) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking the eligible entity certifies to the Secretary that the and inserting each eligible entity certifies to the Secretary that an;

(II) in subclause (I)—

(aa) by striking the subclause designation and all that follows through hold in item (bb) and inserting the following:

(I) hold

(bb) by striking transfer ownership of the land and inserting ownership of the land will be transferred; and

(cc) by striking and at the end;

(III) in subclause (II), by inserting that owns the land subject to the agricultural land easement held by another eligible entity after eligible entity; and

(IV) by adding at the end the following:

(III) at no time hold both an agricultural land easement and ownership of the land subject to that agricultural land easement; and

(IV) ; and

(iii) in clause (iii), by striking by the eligible entity and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting by one or more eligible entities if such an eligible entity fails to transfer ownership under clause (ii).; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking (A)(ii)(I)(bb) and inserting (A)(ii)(I);

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (7) as paragraphs (4) through (8), respectively;

(3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

The term buy-sell-protect transaction means a legal arrangement—

(A) between one or more eligible entities and the Secretary relating to land that one or more of those eligible entities own or are going to purchase prior to acquisition of an agricultural land easement; and

(B) under which each eligible entity certifies to the Secretary that an eligible entity shall hold an agricultural land easement on that land, but ownership of the land will be transferred to a farmer or rancher that is not an eligible entity prior to or on acquisition of the agricultural land easement.

(3) ; and

(4) in paragraph (5) (as so redesignated)—

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking tribal land and inserting Tribal land; and

(B) in subparagraph (A)(i)—

(i) in subclause (I), by striking or at the end;

(ii) in subclause (II), by adding or at the end; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

(III) a buy-sell-protect transaction;

Section 1271A(4)(I) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871a(4)(I)) is amended by striking 1265A(3)(B) and inserting 1265A(4)(B).

Section 1265B(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2), by striking and at the end;

(2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

(4) buy-sell-protect transactions.

Section 1265B(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 50 percent and inserting 60 percent, except as provided in subparagraph (B)(ii)(I),; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) in clause (i), by striking that is at least equivalent to that provided by the Secretary and inserting of not less than 40 percent, except as provided in clause (ii)(II), of the fair market value of the agricultural land easement; and

(ii) in clause (ii)—

(I) by striking Secretary, the Secretary and inserting the following: “Secretary—

(I) the Secretary

(II) in subclause (I) (as so designated)—

(aa) by striking 75 percent and inserting 80 percent; and

(bb) by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(III) by adding at the end the following:

(II) the eligible entity shall provide a share that is not less than 20 percent of the fair market value of the agricultural land easement.

(III) ; and

(2) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:

The purpose of the certification of eligible entities under this paragraph is—

(i) to minimize administrative burdens on the Secretary; and

(ii) to recognize the ability of experienced eligible entities to carry out the purposes of the program with minimal oversight by the Secretary.

The Secretary shall establish a process under which the Secretary—

(i) directly certifies eligible entities that meet established criteria described in subparagraph (C) or (D);

(ii) enters into long-term agreements with certified eligible entities;

(iii) accepts proposals for cost-share assistance for the purchase of agricultural land easements throughout the duration of such agreements;

(iv) allows a certified eligible entity to use its own terms and conditions, notwithstanding paragraph (4)(C), as long as the terms and conditions are consistent with the purposes of the program;

(v) may allow a certified eligible entity to include the minimum deed terms established by the Secretary under paragraph (4)(C); and

(vi) may allow a certified eligible entity to assist a non-certified eligible entity in the purchase and stewardship of an agricultural land easement.

To be certified through the process established under subparagraph (B), an eligible entity shall demonstrate to the Secretary that the eligible entity—

(i) will maintain, at a minimum, for the duration of the agreement and the duration of each agricultural land easement acquired under the agreement—

(I) a plan for administering agricultural land easements that is consistent with the purposes of the program;

(II) the capacity and resources to monitor and enforce agricultural land easements consistent with the purposes of the program; and

(III) policies and procedures to ensure—

(aa) the long-term integrity of agricultural land easements on eligible land consistent with the purposes of the program;

(bb) timely completion of acquisitions of such agricultural land easements;

(cc) timely and complete evaluation and reporting to the Secretary on the use of funds provided under the program; and

(dd) compliance with program requirements, including timely notifications to the Secretary required under the program, such as notifications of de minimis adjustments in accordance with section 1265D(c)(6)(B)(iii); and

(ii) has—

(I) acquired not fewer than 10 agricultural land easements under the program; and

(II) successfully met the responsibilities of the eligible entity under the applicable agreements with the Secretary, as determined by the Secretary, relating to agricultural land easements that the eligible entity has acquired under the program or any predecessor program.

The Secretary may certify an eligible entity using an expedited certification process under subparagraph (B) if the eligible entity demonstrates that it—

(i) is—

(I) accredited by the Land Trust Accreditation Commission, or by an equivalent accrediting body, as determined by the Secretary; or

(II) a public agency with statutory authority for farm and ranchland protection;

(ii) has acquired not fewer than 5 agricultural land easements under the program or any predecessor program;

(iii) has successfully met the responsibilities of the eligible entity under the applicable agreements with the Secretary, as determined by the Secretary, relating to agricultural land easements that the eligible entity has acquired under the program or any predecessor program; and

(iv) meets the requirements of subparagraph (C)(i).

The certification of an eligible entity under this paragraph, and the authorities under this paragraph resulting from that certification, shall apply to the establishment by the eligible entity of agricultural land easements under the regional conservation partnership program under subtitle I.

The Secretary shall conduct a review of eligible entities certified under subparagraph (B) every 3 years to ensure that such certified eligible entities are meeting the criteria established under subparagraphs (C) and (D).

Each review under subclause (I) shall include a review of any de minimis adjustments made by each certified eligible entity under section 1265D(c)(6)(B), including a review of whether timely notification of each de minimis adjustment was made to the Secretary in accordance with clause (iii)(I) of that section.

If the Secretary determines in a review under subclause (I) that an eligible entity is not in compliance, the Secretary shall notify the appropriate accrediting or governing body overseeing the certification of the eligible entity under subparagraph (D) of the noncompliance of the eligible entity.

If the Secretary finds that a certified eligible entity no longer meets the criteria established under subparagraph (C) or (D), as applicable, the Secretary may—

(aa) allow the certified eligible entity a specified period of time, at a minimum 180 days, in which to take such actions as may be necessary to meet the criteria; and

(bb) revoke the certification of the eligible entity, if, after the specified period of time, the certified eligible entity does not meet such criteria.

If an eligible entity fails to comply with notification requirements under section 1265D(c)(6)(B)(iii), the Secretary may—

(aa) immediately revoke the certification of the eligible entity under this paragraph; and

(bb) pursue any other remedies available to the Secretary.

Section 1265C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c) is amended—

(1) by striking subsection (f) each place it appears and inserting subsection (g);

(2) in subsection (c)(1), by inserting technical and before financial;

(3) by redesignating subsections (e) through (g) as subsections (f) through (h), respectively;

(4) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the following:

Using amounts made available to carry out the program, the Secretary shall, with respect to eligible land enrolled under this section—

(A) regularly assess and monitor the enrolled land;

(B) provide technical and financial assistance for the repair, necessary maintenance, and enhancement activities described in the wetland reserve easement plan developed for the eligible land under subsection (g)(1); and

(C) create and execute a 5-year stewardship plan for assessment, capacity, and performance, ensuring the monitoring, repair, maintenance, and enhancement activities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) are completed to ensure wetland reserve easements fulfill the purposes of—

(i) the program; and

(ii) the wetland reserve easement plans described in subparagraph (B).

In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall make payments in amounts that are not more than 100 percent of the eligible costs, as determined by the Secretary.

Not later 2 years after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing—

(A) an inventory of the existing stewardship needs of all wetland reserve easements;

(B) a plan to address the stewardship needs described in that inventory;

(C) the amounts the Secretary will allocate to address those stewardship needs; and

(D) the planned use of compatible uses under subsection (b)(5)(C), contracts or agreements under subsection (e)(2), or wetland reserve easement plans under subsection (g)(1) to ensure that each of those stewardship needs is addressed.

The Secretary shall assist owners in complying with the terms and conditions of a wetland reserve easement.

The Secretary may enter into 1 or more contracts or agreements with a Federal, State, or local government agency, nongovernmental organization, Indian tribe or Tribal organization, or private entity to carry out necessary restoration, enhancement, maintenance, repair, assessment, or monitoring of a wetland reserve easement if the Secretary determines that the contract or agreement will advance the purposes of the program.

(4) ; and

(5) in subsection (g) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (3)(A), by striking Federal or State and inserting Federal, State, or Tribal.

Section 1265D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865d) is amended—

(1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:

The Secretary may approve and make a de minimis adjustment, as determined by the Secretary and subject to conditions determined by the Secretary, to any interest in land, or portion of such interest, administered by the Secretary, directly or on behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program if the Secretary determines that the adjustment—

(i) increases conservation values or has a neutral or limited negative effect on conservation values;

(ii) is in the public interest or furthers the practical administration of the program; and

(iii) is not a subordination, modification, exchange, or termination, as determined by the Secretary.

The Secretary may authorize an eligible entity certified under section 1265B(b)(5) that has demonstrated the ability to make easement management decisions consistent with the purposes of the program to approve and make de minimis adjustments described in clause (ii) to any interest in eligible land held by the certified eligible entity if the certified eligible entity determines that the adjustment—

(I) increases conservation values or has a neutral or limited negative effect on conservation values;

(II) is consistent with the program purposes for which the interest was originally acquired and furthers the practical administration of the program;

(III) is not made to resolve a violation or a potential violation; and

(IV) is not made with respect to an easement that is co-held by the United States.

The de minimis adjustments referred to in clause (i) are limited to—

(I) title corrections;

(II) corrections to typographical errors;

(III) changes in legal descriptions as a result of minor survey or mapping errors;

(IV) changes to a building envelope boundary that do not increase the total square footage of the impervious surface of the original building envelope boundary; and

(V) relocation of easement access.

Not later than 30 days after the date on which a certified eligible entity records a de minimis adjustment under clause (i), the certified eligible entity shall provide to the Secretary a notice of the de minimis adjustment and a copy of the recorded instrument.

Nothing in this subparagraph requires the Secretary to determine whether each eligible entity seeking certification under section 1265B(b)(5) meets the requirements to make de minimis adjustments under this subparagraph.

(1) ; and

(2) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:

The Secretary may not provide assistance under this subtitle to an eligible entity or owner of eligible land unless the owner of the eligible land, at the time of acquisition of an easement under this subtitle, is in compliance with applicable requirements under subtitles B and C.

The Secretary shall ensure the equitable treatment of a purchaser of eligible land under a purchase agreement, an installment land contract, or a lease-to-own agreement by—

(A) identifying the purchaser of the land as the owner of the land;

(B) appropriately identifying the seller of the land based on the instrument; and

(C) addressing the interests of the parties described in subparagraphs (A) and (B), as determined necessary by the Secretary, by the time of acquisition of an easement under this subtitle.

The Secretary shall conduct a study to determine the feasibility of establishing a groundwater conservation easement program within the agricultural conservation easement program established under subtitle H of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865 et seq.).

The study conducted under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) examine the impact of legal regimes governing water rights on the establishment of easements across the United States, particularly focused on how water rights under State laws can be purchased or regulated by the Federal Government as a property right;

(B) examine the feasibility of establishing an easement program devoted to purchasing eligible water rights either in perpetuity or for a term, which may include establishing easements on eligible land associated with such water rights, through groundwater conservation easements;

(C) analyze how the establishment of a groundwater conservation easement program would incentivize farmers and ranchers to discontinue irrigation practices and to adopt groundwater conservation management practices;

(D) consider what potential effects a groundwater conservation easement program would have on sustainable groundwater management, the recharging of declining aquifers, and the reduction of reliance on groundwater water supply;

(E) assess the effectiveness of a groundwater conservation easement program if the landowner or eligible entity has the right to continue agricultural production and other uses compatible with sustainable groundwater management while participating in the program;

(F) analyze the elements of the groundwater conservation easement program that may not be consistent with the agricultural conservation easement program, such as—

(i) the length of an easement agreement to restore and enhance groundwater-dependent ecosystems; and

(ii) geographic scope; and

(G) consider the costs of—

(i) the fair market value of a groundwater conservation easement;

(ii) technical assistance to implement the groundwater conservation easement program; and

(iii) revegetating land with plants that can survive drought and do not require irrigation.

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the findings of the study conducted under paragraph (1), including findings relating to each of the matters described in paragraph (2).

Section 1271(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (D) as clauses (i) through (iv), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated)—

(i) by striking eligible activities to and inserting projects that; and

(ii) by striking programs, as and inserting the following: “programs:

(A) The following programs, as

(ii) ; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(B) The following programs, as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 :

(i) The water bank program established under the Water Bank Act (16 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.).

(ii) The agricultural management assistance program established under section 524(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1524(b)).

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5) as paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively;

(3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

(3) To encourage the reduction of greenhouse gases, and the adaptation to and mitigation of climate change, through the coordinated efforts of eligible partners, producers, and Federal, State, local, and Tribal governments.

(4) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking and at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) by striking affect and inserting create conservation benefits across; and

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(C) implementing or establishing a soil health plan or program of a State or Tribal government.

(5) in paragraph (5) (as so redesignated), by striking through partnership agreements;

(6) in paragraph (6) (as so redesignated)—

(A) by striking conservation projects to achieve and inserting innovative methods of conservation delivery that generate; and

(B) by striking outcomes and; and

(7) by adding at the end the following:

(7) To facilitate the conversion from concentrated animal feeding operations to climate-friendly agricultural production systems, including regenerative grazing, agroforestry, organic, and diversified crop and livestock production systems.

Section 1271A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871a) is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (5), (6), and (7) as paragraphs (2) through (6), (8), and (9), respectively;

(2) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so redesignated) the following:

The term conservation benefit means, with respect to an eligible activity, the resulting—

(i) improvement of—

(I) agricultural or nonindustrial forest land;

(II) water, air, or soil quality;

(III) water quantity; or

(IV) the condition of habitat for fish or wildlife;

(ii) protection of agricultural or nonindustrial forest land; or

(iii) reduction in consumptive water use.

A conservation benefit (as defined in subparagraph (A)) may be measured or modeled by an eligible partner for the purposes of reporting a verifiable, quantifiable improvement in the natural resource concern targeted by the applicable eligible activity.

(3) by striking paragraph (3) (as so redesignated) and inserting the following:

The term eligible activity means—

(A) a practice, activity, agreement, easement, or related conservation measure that is available under the statutory authority for a covered program; and

(B) a practice, activity, agreement, easement, or related conservation measure that—

(i) is consistent with the purposes of at least one covered program; and

(ii) proposes an innovative—

(I) conservation approach;

(II) method of conservation funding delivery; or

(III) approach to leveraging the Federal investment.

(4) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated)—

(A) by striking The term and inserting the following:

The term

(A) ; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

The term eligible land may include other spaces on which identified or expected resource concerns related to agricultural production could be addressed under the program, as determined by the Secretary, such as urban agriculture and other innovative production methods.

(5) in paragraph (5) (as so redesignated)—

(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking tribe and inserting Tribe or Tribal organization;

(B) by striking subparagraph (H);

(C) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (G) as subparagraphs (E) through (H), respectively;

(D) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:

(D) A Native Hawaiian organization.

(D) ; and

(E) by adding at the end the following:

(K) A not-for-profit conservation organization.

(L) An agricultural retailer (including an agrichemical business and a farm retail outlet or supplier).

(M) Any other entity that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(E) ; and

(6) by inserting after paragraph (6) (as so redesignated) the following:

The term performance-based payments means payments to a producer by an eligible partner under section 1271C(d) to purchase quantified and verified conservation benefits.

Section 1271B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

A partnership agreement shall be for a period not to exceed 5 years, subject to renewal or extension.

(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting not more than one time after renewed under subsection (e)(5);

(C) in paragraph (3), by striking of a partnership agreement and all that follows through 12 months, and inserting thereof, may each be extended under subsection (e)(6) not more than 2 times for a period of not longer than 24 months each,; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

A partnership agreement entered into on or after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 shall not affect, modify, or interfere with any partnership agreement in effect on the day before that date of enactment.

To implement the amendments made to this subsection by the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 —

(i) the signatories to a partnership agreement in effect on the day before the date of enactment of that Act may mutually agree to a modification of the length of, and options for renewals and extensions available for, that partnership agreement; and

(ii) the Secretary shall provide an opportunity for the signatories to a partnership agreement described in clause (i) to modify the partnership agreement pursuant to that clause without requiring the renegotiation of any other provision of the partnership agreement.

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in the paragraph heading, by striking In general and inserting Mandatory duties; and

(ii) in subparagraph (E)—

(I) in clause (i), by striking each conservation benefit and all that follows through; and and inserting the conservation benefits of the partnership agreement;;

(II) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii);

(III) by inserting after clause (i) the following:

(ii) any barriers that prevented the project from achieving the conservation benefits of the partnership agreement; and

(III) ; and

(IV) in clause (iii) (as so redesignated), by striking project and inserting project and lessons learned through the implementation of the project;

(B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);

(C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

Under a partnership agreement, the eligible partner may—

(A) provide technical and financial assistance to producers to design, implement, and monitor eligible activities on eligible land; and

(B) contract or establish sub-agreements or grants for financial or technical assistance, including performance-based payments, with producers or other entities to carry out the project.

(C) ; and

(D) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated)—

(i) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

An eligible partner shall provide a significant contribution towards the implementation of the project that is the subject of the agreement entered into under subsection (a), as determined by the Secretary.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a contribution of an eligible partner under this paragraph may be used to meet matching or cost participation requirements under other Federal programs (other than Department of Agriculture programs) and non-Federal programs.

(i) ; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B)—

(I) in clause (ii), by striking or at the end;

(II) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (iv);

(III) by inserting after clause (ii) the following:

(iii) project financing that helps expedite project implementation; or

(III) ; and

(IV) in clause (iv) (as so redesignated) by striking and in-kind support and inserting, in-kind support, or financing;

(3) in subsection (d)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) through (C) and inserting the following:

(A) finalizing the partnership agreement not later than 180 days after the date on which the Secretary announces the awarding of the partnership agreement;

(B) finalizing renewal or extension agreements not later than 120 days after the date of approval of the renewal or extension;

(C) reimbursing eligible partners not later than 30 days after the date of submission of a complete reimbursement request;

(D) in the case of a partnership agreement that is funded through an alternative funding arrangement or grant agreement under section 1271C(b), reimbursing eligible partners not later than 30 days after the date of a complete submission of receipts for the payments made to producers by the eligible partner for carrying out eligible activities;

(E) in the case of a project focused on delivering eligible activities described in section 1271A(3)(B), identifying appropriate timelines to finalize partnership agreements, renewals, and extensions based on the innovative nature of the eligible activities proposed for the project while ensuring that review of agreements, renewals, and extensions takes place as soon as practicable;

(F) providing payments to an eligible partner for goods and services that support program implementation, as identified by the Secretary; and

(G) in the case of a cost-share agreement with an eligible entity (as defined in section 1265A) in an approved project area, provide payments to the eligible entity to assist with the purchase of an easement on eligible land with a producer;

(B) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5);

(C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4);

(D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

(3) make covered program authorities, such as entity certification under section 1265B(b)(5), available, but not required, in the implementation of a partnership agreement;

(E) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking guidance and inserting guidance, including suggested quantification models,; and

(F) by adding at the end the following:

(5) make funding available to not-for-profit entities and land-grant colleges and universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to make assessment tools more broadly available to eligible partners; and

(6) publish public-facing reports submitted by the eligible partner under subsection (c)(1)(F) not later than 90 days after the date of expiration of the term of the partnership agreement.

(4) in subsection (e)—

(A) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking project's objectives and inserting objectives, including the conservation benefits, of the project;

(B) in paragraph (4)—

(i) by striking subparagraphs (B), (C), and (E);

(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (F), (G), and (H) as subparagraphs (B), (D), (E), and (F), respectively;

(iii) in subparagraph (B) (as so redesignated), by inserting Tribal, after State,;

(iv) by inserting after subparagraph (B) (as so redesignated) the following:

(C) demonstrate that a significant number of historically underserved producers will benefit from the project;

(v) in subparagraph (D) (as so redesignated), by striking area restoration plans and inserting area-wide plans; and

(vi) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated), by inserting emerging before factors; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

If the Secretary determines that a project that is the subject of a partnership agreement has made substantial progress towards meeting the objectives of the project, the Secretary may extend the partnership agreement if the 1 or more eligible partners that are parties to the partnership agreement request the extension in order to continue to implement the project under an extension of the partnership agreement.

The granting of an extension under paragraph (6) does not preclude the subsequent granting of a renewal under paragraph (5), and vice versa.

(5) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (h); and

(6) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall not provide more than $25,000,000 under a partnership agreement.

In the case of a partnership agreement renewed under subsection (e)(5), the Secretary may provide not more than an additional $25,000,000 under the partnership agreement.

Subject to paragraph (2), a producer party to a contract entered into under this subtitle may—

(A) subject to section 1235(j), enroll the land enrolled under the contract in the conservation reserve program established under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D;

(B) subject to section 1240B(d)(6), enroll the land enrolled under the contract in the environmental quality incentives program established under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D; or

(C) both enroll land in accordance with subparagraph (A) and receive a cost-share assistance in accordance with subparagraph (B).

A producer shall not be eligible for payments for practices on eligible land under the program if the producer receives payments or other benefits for the same practice on the same land under another program under this title.

Section 1271C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871c) is amended—

(1) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking for a period of 5 years;

(B) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (5); and

(C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

On an election by a producer, the Secretary may provide an advance payment for costs related to purchasing materials or contracting associated with implementing an eligible activity.

If the funds provided under subparagraph (A) are not expended within 120 days, the Secretary may—

(i) determine that the producer is in violation of the program contract; and

(ii) require the funds to be returned within a reasonable period, as determined by the Secretary.

On an election by an eligible partner, the Secretary may provide an advance payment to the eligible partner related to project implementation, as provided in the partnership agreement, including an alternative funding arrangement under subsection (d)(1).

If the funds provided under subparagraph (A) are not expended within the period specified in the partnership agreement, but not more than 120 days, the Secretary shall not provide any additional advance payment under that paragraph until the eligible partner demonstrates the ability to expend the funds within the applicable period.

The Secretary may determine that an eligible partner is in violation of the partnership agreement and require the funds to be returned within a reasonable period, as determined by the Secretary, if the eligible partner—

(i) fails to expend the funds within the applicable period; or

(ii) otherwise fails to manage any funds in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement.

(2) in subsection (d)—

(A) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by striking subparagraph (B);

(ii) by striking shall— in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all that follows through under a in the matter preceding clause (i) of subparagraph (A) and inserting shall, under a;

(iii) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(iv) in subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by striking and at the end; and

(v) by adding at the end the following:

(C) in the case of an agreement with an Indian Tribe or a Tribal organization, provide an opportunity for the Indian Tribe or Tribal organization to develop with the Secretary projects that—

(i) address eligible resource concerns on Indian land; and

(ii) allow for flexibility in conservation implementation and administration.

(v) ; and

(B) in paragraph (3)(A)(iii)—

(i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking in conservation with private financial mechanisms, in conjunction with agricultural production or forest resource management, such as and inserting, or innovative approaches to delivering conservation funding to producers, including;

(ii) in subclause (I)—

(I) by striking provision of and inserting use of innovative contracting or; and

(II) by striking and at the end;

(iii) in subclause (II)—

(I) by striking support for and inserting supporting; and

(II) by striking or at the end and inserting and; and

(iv) by adding at the end the following:

(III) accelerating the adoption and use of agricultural or processing equipment by producers that achieve conservation benefits; and

Section 1271D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d) is amended—

(1) by striking subsections (a) through (d) and inserting the following:

Of the funds made available for the program under section 1241(a)(6), the Secretary shall allocate, to the extent practicable in order to maximize conservation benefits—

(A) $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 for projects focused on establishing groundwater conservation easements that—

(i) are held by an eligible entity (as defined in section 1265A) participating in the partnership agreement; and

(ii) meet the criteria described in paragraph (2); and

(B) of the remaining funds, for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter—

(i) 46 percent to projects based on a State or multistate competitive process administered by the Secretary at the local level with the advice of the applicable State technical committees established under subtitle G;

(ii) 50 percent to projects for critical conservation areas designated under section 1271F;

(iii) 3 percent to carry out activities described in section 1271B(d)(5); and

(iv) 1 percent to carry out activities described in subsection (d).

The criteria referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(ii) are the following:

(A) The terms of the groundwater conservation easement shall contain terms that encumber and sufficiently address the management, monitoring, and enforcement of surface water uses and groundwater rights and uses.

(B) The eligible partner shall—

(i) identify the applicable legal framework that would allow for a groundwater conservation easement to be established in the applicable jurisdiction;

(ii) outline the specific attributes of the proposed groundwater conservation easement;

(iii) identify the regulating organization that meters or monitors groundwater in the applicable jurisdiction; and

(iv) identify the proposed valuation methodology.

(C) The eligible partner shall provide a letter of support from the applicable State Conservationist and a letter of compatibility from the appropriate State, local, and Tribal agencies responsible for oversight of conservation easements and groundwater use and regulation in the applicable jurisdiction.

The Secretary may provide to an eligible partner a payment for indirect costs to cover administrative expenses of the eligible partner under a partnership agreement.

Subject to subparagraph (B), the rate of a payment for indirect costs under paragraph (1) shall be—

(i) an indirect cost rate negotiated by the Secretary and the eligible partner, which shall not exceed 20 percent of the total project cost; or

(ii) if the eligible partner does not have a negotiated indirect cost rate described in subparagraph (A), 20 percent of the total project cost.

In the case of a partnership agreement that primarily serves historically underserved producers, as determined by the Secretary, the rate of a payment for indirect costs under paragraph (1) may be up to 30 percent of the total project cost.

(2) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (c);

(3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)—

(A) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following:

An eligible partner may provide technical assistance to producers as needed to support project planning and implementation for conservation benefits.

The Secretary shall limit costs of the Secretary for technical assistance to costs specific and necessary to carry out the objectives of the program.

The Secretary shall not use amounts provided under a partnership agreement for technical assistance provided by the Secretary without providing explicit notification to the eligible partner.

The Federal share of the cost of technical assistance provided by an eligible partner shall be not more than 30 percent of the total cost of the project.

(A) ; and

(B) in paragraph (3), by striking pursuant to a partnership agreement and inserting and producers participating in the program; and

(4) by adding at the end the following:

The Secretary shall ensure the timely development and availability of integrated information technology and automated programmatic tools to support program implementation.

Subject to section 1244(b) of this Act and section 1619 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8791), the Secretary may develop protocols for eligible partners to access automatic programmatic tools of the Department of Agriculture in a manner that supports the implementation of an approved project.

Section 1271E of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871e) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 2019, and every two and inserting 2025, and not less frequently than once every 2;

(B) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B) and inserting the following:

(A) the characteristics of ongoing projects;

(B) the progress made towards achieving the conservation goals of completed projects and renewed projects;

(C) any other related outcomes of completed projects and renewed projects; and

(D) conservation benefits purchased through performance-based payments and the per-unit prices of those conservation benefits;

(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting approximate before number; and

(D) in paragraph (5), by striking administered in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all that follows through the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting administered; and; and

(2) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking The Secretary may not and inserting Neither an eligible partner nor the Secretary may.

Section 1271F of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871f) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(2)—

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting or substantially affecting after located in; and

(B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting, including restoration and enhancement of wildlife habitat connectivity and wildlife migration corridors after local level; and

(2) in subsection (b), by striking In administering funds under section 1271D(d)(2), the Secretary and inserting The Secretary.

Section 2(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691(1)) is amended by striking hunger and malnutrition and inserting hunger, malnutrition, child wasting,.

Section 202 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1722) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by striking governments and public or private agencies, including intergovernmental organizations such as the World Food Program and other multilateral organizations and inserting eligible organizations;

(2) in subsection (b)(1)—

(A) by striking agricultural commodities for nonemergency assistance and inserting assistance, including in the form of agricultural commodities, for nonemergency purposes;

(B) by striking (as described in subsection (d)); and

(C) by striking to use the commodities;

(3) by striking subsection (d);

(4) by redesignating subsections (e) through (h) as subsections (d) through (g), respectively;

(5) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking Of the funds and all that follows through subsection (d), and inserting Using funds made available under this title, the Administrator may provide funds to eligible organizations; and

(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking developmental and inserting resilience;

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively;

(C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

Using funds made available under this title, the Administrator may—

(A) acquire and make available to eligible organizations such agricultural commodities as are necessary to carry out agreements under this title; and

(B) pay all associated and incidental costs of those commodities, including—

(i) the cost of acquiring those commodities;

(ii) the costs associated with packaging, enrichment, preservation, and fortification of those commodities, including the costs of carrying out section 415 with respect to the commodities;

(iii) the cost of processing, milling, handling, storage, distribution, and program implementation to use the commodities; and

(iv) the cost of transportation to move the commodities from the United States to pre-positioning sites, ports of entry abroad, and distribution sites within and between foreign countries, including ocean and inland freight charges, and the charges for general average contributions arising out of ocean transportation of those commodities.

(C) ; and

(D) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated)—

(i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting or agricultural commodities after for funds;

(ii) by inserting or agricultural commodities after To receive funds;

(iii) by inserting or (2) after paragraph (1); and

(iv) by striking described in subsection (d); and

(6) in paragraph (3) of subsection (g) (as so redesignated)—

(A) by striking, for fiscal years 2014 through 2023; and

(B) by inserting for each fiscal year after may be used.

(1) Section 205 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1725) is amended—

(A) in subsection (a)—

(i) by striking hereinafter; and

(ii) by striking described in section 202(d)(1); and

(B) in subsection (d)(2), by striking 202(h) and inserting 202(g).

(2) Section 207(f)(4)(A) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a(f)(4)(A)) is amended by striking 202(h)(3) and inserting 202(g)(3).

(3) Section 407(f)(2)(I) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736a(f)(2)(I)) is amended by striking section 202(e), and inserting sections 202(d),.

(4) Section 412(e)(2) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736f(e)(2)) is amended by striking 202(e)(1)(C) and inserting 202(d)(1)(C).

Section 204 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1724) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following:

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Administrator shall make agricultural commodities available for food distribution under this title for emergency assistance under section 202(a) for each fiscal year in a quantity that results in the amount described in subparagraph (B) being not less than 40 percent of the funds made available through annual appropriations in that fiscal year for this title.

The amount referred to in subparagraph (A) is the sum obtained by adding—

(i) the value of the agricultural commodities made available pursuant to that subparagraph; and

(ii) the cost of ocean shipping for those agricultural commodities.

(A) ; and

(B) in paragraph (3)—

(i) by striking the third sentence;

(ii) in the second sentence, by striking In making a waiver and all that follows through House of Representatives and inserting the following:

If the Administrator provides a waiver under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall submit to the Committees on Agriculture, Appropriations, and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives

(ii) ; and

(iii) by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows through the period at the end of the first sentence and inserting the following:

Subject to subparagraph (B), the Administrator may waive the requirements of paragraph (1) for any fiscal year if, after the beginning of the applicable fiscal year, the Administrator determines that—

(i) such quantities of commodities cannot be used effectively to carry out this title or in order to meet an emergency; or

(ii) the requirements of that paragraph cannot otherwise be met due to circumstances beyond the control of the Administrator.

In the first fiscal year beginning after the date on which a waiver is provided under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall make agricultural commodities available for food distribution under this title for emergency assistance under section 202(a) in a quantity that represents—

(i) the quantity of agricultural commodities needed to meet the requirement under paragraph (1)(A); and

(ii) the quantity of agricultural commodities covered by the waiver under subparagraph (A) for the preceding fiscal year.

(iii) ; and

(2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking subsection (a)(2) be and inserting subsection (a)(1) is.

Section 205(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1725(f)) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 207(c)(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a(c)(1)) is amended, in the second sentence, by striking the enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 and inserting enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024.

Section 207(f)(4) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a(f)(4)) is amended, in subparagraphs (A) and (B)(i), by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2029.

Section 208(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726b(f)) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2024, and $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

Section 402 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1732) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking As used in and inserting In;

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in the second sentence, by striking Effective and inserting the following:

Effective

(A) ; and

(B) in the first sentence—

(i) by striking and livestock as well as and inserting livestock, specialized nutrition products, and; and

(ii) by striking The term and inserting the following:

The term

(3) by striking paragraph (3);

(4) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and

(5) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so redesignated) the following:

The term eligible organization means—

(A) a government of a foreign country;

(B) a private voluntary organization or cooperative;

(C) an intergovernmental organization, such as the World Food Program; and

(D) any other organization, as determined by the Administrator.

Section 407(f)(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736a(f)(1)) is amended by striking appropriate committees of Congress and inserting Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committees on Agriculture and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

Section 406(b)(6) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736(b)(6)) is amended by striking in the case of commodities for urgent and extraordinary relief requirements (including pre-positioned commodities).

Section 407 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (c)(4)(A)—

(A) by striking for fiscal years 2001 through 2023;

(B) by striking for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2013 not more than $10,000,000 of such funds and; and

(C) by striking of fiscal years 2014 through 2023 and inserting fiscal year; and

(2) in subsection (f)(2), by adding at the end the following:

(J) An assessment of activities specifically targeting women and girls and the impact of those activities in addressing the unique needs of women and girls.

Section 216 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–127; 110 Stat. 957) is amended—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting (as amended by section 1011(e) of Public Law 104–66 (109 Stat. 709)) after (7 U.S.C. 1736a);

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking (c) and inserting (b);

(C) in paragraph (3), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking (d) and inserting (c);

(D) in paragraph (4), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking (g)(2) and inserting (f)(2); and

(E) in paragraph (5), by striking (h) and inserting (g).

The amendments made by paragraph (1) shall take effect as if enacted in the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–127; 110 Stat. 888).

Section 408 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736b) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 412(e)(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736f(e)(1)) is amended by striking 2019 through 2023, not less than $365,000,000 and inserting 2025 through 2029, not less than 18 percent.

Section 415(c) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736g–2(c)) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 501 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1737) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)(2)—

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 18 and inserting (18); and

(B) in clause (viii) of subparagraph (A), by adding a semicolon at the end;

(2) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029;

(3) in subsection (e)(1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029; and

(4) in subsection (f)(1), by striking 2023 and inserting 2029.

Section 414(b) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736g–1(b)) is amended by striking (as defined and all that follows through 1961) and inserting (as defined in section 481(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291(e))).

Section 303(c) of the President's Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1984 (7 U.S.C. 1728a(c)) is amended by striking expanded and inserting expended.

Section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking As used in this Act— and inserting In this Act:;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as paragraphs (3), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (4), respectively, and moving the paragraphs so as to appear in numerical order;

(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

The term common name means a name that, as determined by the Secretary—

(i) is ordinarily or customarily used for an agricultural commodity or food product;

(ii) is typically placed on the packaging and product label of the agricultural commodity or food product;

(iii) with respect to wine—

(I) is—

(aa) ordinarily or customarily used for a wine grape varietal name; or

(bb) a traditional term or expression that is typically placed on the packaging and label of the wine; and

(II) does not mean any appellation of origin for wine listed in subpart C of part 9 of title 27, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations); and

(iv) the use of which is consistent with standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission.

In making a determination under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may take into account—

(i) competent sources, such as dictionaries, newspapers, professional journals and literature, and information posted on websites that are determined by the Secretary to be reliable in reporting market information;

(ii) the use of the common name in a domestic, regional, or international product standard, including a standard promulgated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, for the agricultural commodity or food product; and

(iii) the ordinary and customary use of the common name in the production or marketing of the agricultural commodity or food product in the United States or in other countries.

(4) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), in subparagraph (A)—

(A) in clause (v), by striking or at the end;

(B) in clause (vi), by striking the period at the end and inserting; or; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

(vii) prohibits or disallows the use of the common name of an agricultural commodity or food product of the United States.

(C) ; and

(5) in paragraph (9) (as so redesignated)—

(A) in subparagraph (B), by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(C) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking The term and inserting the following:

The term

(C) ; and