Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Improvement and Enhancement Act of 2007

The term congressional intelligence committees means—

(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and

(B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

The term Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court means the court established by section 103(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803(a)).

The term United States person has the meaning given such term in section 101(i) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801(i)).

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, chapters 119, 121, and 206 of title 18, United States Code, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) shall be the exclusive means by which electronic surveillance (as that term is defined in section 101(f) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801(f)) may be conducted.

Section 109(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1809(a)) is amended by striking authorized by statute each place it appears and inserting authorized by this title or chapter 119, 121, or 206 of title 18, United States Code.

Section 2511(2)(a)(ii)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking statutory requirements and inserting requirements under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), this chapter, or chapters 121 or 206 of this title.

Title I of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 109 the following new section:

No provision of law shall be construed to implicitly repeal or modify this title or any provision thereof, nor shall any provision of law be deemed to repeal or modify this title in any manner unless such provision of law, if enacted after the date of the enactment of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Improvement and Enhancement Act of 2007, expressly amends or otherwise specifically cites this title.

The table of contents for that Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 109 the following new item:

As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act, but not later than seven days after such date, the President shall brief and inform each member of the congressional intelligence committees on the following:

(1) The Terrorist Surveillance Program of the National Security Agency.

(2) Any program which involves, whether in part or in whole, the electronic surveillance of United States persons in the United States for foreign intelligence purposes, and which is conducted by any department, agency, or other element of the United States Government, or by any entity at the direction of a department, agency, or other element of the United States Government, without fully complying with the procedures set forth in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) or chapter 119, 121, or 206 of title 18, United States Code.

Upon petition by the United States or any party to the underlying proceedings, the Supreme Court of the United States shall review a final decision on the merits concerning the constitutionality of the Terrorist Surveillance Program in at least one case that is pending in the courts of the United States on the date of enactment of this Act.

It shall be the duty of the Supreme Court of the United States to advance on the docket and to expedite to the greatest possible extent the disposition of any matter brought under subsection (a).

In this section, the term Terrorist Surveillance Program means the program identified by the President on December 17, 2005, to intercept international communications into and out of the United States of persons linked to al Qaeda or related terrorist organizations.

Section 105(f) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1805(f)) is amended by striking 72 hours both places it appears and inserting 168 hours.

Section 105 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1805) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsections (g), (h), (i), and (j) as subsections (h), (i), (j), and (k), respectively; and

(2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following new subsection (g):

(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title and subject to the provisions of this subsection, the Attorney General may, with the concurrence of the Director of National Intelligence, appoint appropriate supervisory or executive personnel within the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Security Agency to authorize electronic surveillance on a United States person in the United States on an emergency basis pursuant to the provisions of this subsection.

(B) For purposes of this subsection, an intelligence agent or employee acting under the supervision of a supervisor or executive appointed under subparagraph (A) may conduct emergency electronic surveillance under this subsection if such supervisor or executive reasonably determines that—

(i) an emergency situation exists with respect to the employment of electronic surveillance to obtain foreign intelligence information before an order authorizing such surveillance can with due diligence be obtained; and

(ii) the factual basis exists for the issuance of an order approving such surveillance under this title.

(2) The supervisors and executives appointed by the Attorney General under paragraph (1) may only be officials as follows:

(A) In the case of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, officials at or above the level of Special Agent in Charge.

(B) In the case of the National Security Agency, officials at or above the level of head of branch of the National Security Agency.

(3) A supervisor or executive responsible for the emergency employment of electronic surveillance under this subsection shall submit to the Attorney General a request for approval of the surveillance within 24 hours of the commencement of the surveillance. The request shall set forth the ground for the belief specified in paragraph (1), together with such other information as the Attorney General shall require.

(A) The review of a request under paragraph (3) shall be completed by the official concerned under that paragraph as soon as practicable, but not more than 72 hours after the commencement of the electronic surveillance concerned under paragraph (1).

(i) If the official concerned determines that the electronic surveillance does not meet the requirements of paragraph (1), the surveillance shall terminate immediately and may not be recommenced by any supervisor or executive appointed under paragraph (1), or any agent or employee acting under the supervision of such supervisor or executive, absent additional facts or changes in circumstances that lead a supervisor or executive appointed under paragraph (1) to reasonably believe that the requirements of paragraph (1) are satisfied.

(ii) In the event of a determination under clause (i), the Attorney General shall not be required, under section 106(j), to notify any United States person of the fact that the electronic surveillance covered by such determination was conducted before the termination of the surveillance under that clause. However, the official making such determination shall notify the court established by section 103(a) of such determination, and shall also provide notice of such determination in the first report that is submitted under section 108(a) after such determination is made.

(C) If the official concerned determines that the surveillance meets the requirements of subsection (f), the surveillance may continue, subject to the requirements of paragraph (5).

(A) An application in accordance with this title shall be made to a judge having jurisdiction under section 103 as soon as practicable but not more than 168 hours after the commencement of electronic surveillance under paragraph (1).

(B) In the absence of a judicial order approving electronic surveillance commenced under paragraph (1), the surveillance shall terminate at the earlier of—

(i) when the information sought is obtained;

(ii) when the application under subparagraph (A) for an order approving the surveillance is denied; or

(iii) 168 hours after the commencement of the surveillance, unless an application under subparagraph (A) is pending, in which case the surveillance may continue for up to an additional 24 hours while the judge has the application under advisement.

(C) If an application under subparagraph (A) for an order approving electronic surveillance commenced under paragraph (1) is denied, or in any other case in which the surveillance is terminated and no order approving the surveillance is issued by a court, the use of information obtained or evidence derived from the surveillance shall be governed by the provisions of subsection (f).

(D) The denial of an application submitted under subparagraph (A) may be reviewed as provided in section 103.

(6) Any person who engages in the emergency employment of electronic surveillance under paragraph (1) shall follow the minimization procedures otherwise required by this title for the issuance of a judicial order approving the conduct of electronic surveillance.

(7) Not later than 30 days after appointing supervisors and executives under paragraph (1) to authorize the exercise of authority in that paragraph, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the court established by section 103(a), the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, and bring up to date as required, a report that—

(A) identifies the number of supervisors and executives who have been so appointed and the positions held by such supervisors and executives; and

(B) sets forth guidelines or other directives that describe the responsibilities of such supervisors and executives under this subsection.

Section 103(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803(a)) is amended—

(1) by inserting (1) after (a);

(2) in paragraph (1), as so designated, by inserting at least before seven of the United States judicial circuits;

(3) by designating the second sentence as paragraph (4) and indenting such paragraph, as so designated, two ems from the left margin; and

(4) by inserting after paragraph (1), as so designated, the following new paragraph:

(2) In addition to the judges designated under paragraph (1), the Chief Justice of the United States may designate as judges of the court established by paragraph (1) such judges appointed under Article III of the Constitution of the United States as the Chief Justice determines appropriate in order to provide for the prompt and timely consideration under section 105 of applications under section 104 for electronic surveillance under this title. Any judge designated under this paragraph shall be designated publicly.

Such section is further amended by inserting after paragraph (2), as added by subsection (a)(4) of this section, the following new paragraph:

(3) A judge of the court shall make a determination to approve, deny, or seek modification of an application submitted pursuant to section subsection (f) or (g) of section 105 not later than 24 hours after the receipt of such application by the court.

The Attorney General shall, in consultation with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Director of the National Security Agency, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, develop and implement a secure, classified document management system that permits the prompt preparation, modification, and review by appropriate personnel of the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the National Security Agency, and other applicable elements of the United States Government of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) before their submittal to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.

The document management system required by subsection (a) shall—

(1) permit and facilitate the prompt submittal of applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court under section 104 or 105(g)(5) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804 and 1805(g)(5)); and

(2) permit and facilitate the prompt transmittal of rulings of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to personnel submitting applications described in paragraph (1).

The Office of Intelligence Policy and Review of the Department of Justice is hereby authorized such additional personnel as may be necessary to carry out the prompt and timely preparation, modification, and review of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) for orders under section 105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes.

The Attorney General shall assign personnel authorized by paragraph (1) to and among appropriate offices of the National Security Agency in order that such personnel may directly assist personnel of the Agency in preparing applications described in that paragraph.

The National Security Branch of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is hereby authorized such additional legal and other personnel as may be necessary to carry out the prompt and timely preparation of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) for orders under section 105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes.

The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall assign personnel authorized by paragraph (1) to and among the field offices of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in order that such personnel may directly assist personnel of the Bureau in such field offices in preparing applications described in that paragraph.

The National Security Agency is hereby authorized such additional legal and other personnel as may be necessary to carry out the prompt and timely preparation of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) for orders under section 105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes.

There is hereby authorized for the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court such additional staff personnel as may be necessary to facilitate the prompt and timely consideration by that Court of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) for orders under section 105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes. Personnel authorized by this paragraph shall perform such duties relating to the consideration of such applications as that Court shall direct.

The personnel authorized by this section are in addition to any other personnel authorized by law.

The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Director of the National Security Agency shall each, in consultation with the Attorney General—

(1) develop regulations to establish procedures for conducting and seeking approval of electronic surveillance on an emergency basis, and for preparing and properly submitting and receiving applications and orders, under sections 104 and 105 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804 and 1805); and

(2) prescribe related training for the personnel of the applicable agency.

Section 111 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1811) is amended by striking “fifteen calendar days following a declaration of war by the Congress.” and inserting “30 calendar days following any of the following:

(1) A declaration of war by the Congress.

(2) An authorization for the use of military force within the meaning of section 2(c)(2) of the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541(c)(2)).

(3) A national emergency created by attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or the Armed Forces within the meaning of section 2(c)(3) of the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541(c)(3)).

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), no court order shall be required for the acquisition through electronic surveillance of the contents of any communication between one person who is not located within the United States and another person who is not located within the United States for the purpose of collecting foreign intelligence information even if such communication passes through, or the surveillance device is located within, the United States.

If surveillance conducted as described in subsection (a) inadvertently collects a communication in which at least one party is within the United States, the contents of such communications shall be handled in accordance with the minimization procedures set forth in section 101(h)(4) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801(h)(4)).

In this section, the terms contents, electronic surveillance, and foreign intelligence information have the meaning given such terms in section 101 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801).

Any order issued pursuant to section 105 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1805) authorizing electronic surveillance shall be supported by an individualized or particularized finding of probable cause to believe the target of the electronic surveillance is a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power.

There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act and the amendments made by this Act.

Except as provided in section 103, this Act, and the amendments made by this Act, shall take effect on the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.